{"id":10224,"date":"2022-02-11T16:04:07","date_gmt":"2022-02-11T16:04:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/TheNextWeb=1380280"},"modified":"2022-02-11T16:04:07","modified_gmt":"2022-02-11T16:04:07","slug":"us-embassies-were-allegedly-hit-with-high-power-microwaves-heres-how-the-weapons-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/?p=10224","title":{"rendered":"US embassies were allegedly hit with high-power microwaves \u2014 here\u2019s how the weapons work"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Some of the cases of the mystery ailment that has afflicted U.S. embassy staff and CIA officers off and on since 2016 in Cuba, China, Russia and other countries <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/national-security\/2022\/02\/02\/external-energy-source-may-explain-havana-syndrome-panel-finds-renewing-questions-about-possible-foreign-attack\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">most likely were caused by pulsed electromagnetic energy<\/a>, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dni.gov\/index.php\/newsroom\/reports-publications\/reports-publications-2022\/item\/2273-complementary-efforts-on-anomalous-health-incidents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">a report by a panel of experts<\/a> convened by national intelligence agencies.<\/p>\n<p>The report\u2019s findings are similar to those of another <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/25889\/an-assessment-of-illness-in-us-government-employees-and-their-families-at-overseas-embassies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">report released by the National Academies<\/a> in 2020. In that report, a committee of 19 experts in medicine and other fields concluded that directed, pulsed radio-frequency energy is the \u201cmost plausible mechanism\u201d to explain the illness, dubbed \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/19\/us\/politics\/diplomat-attacks-havana-syndrome.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Havana syndrome<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Neither report is definitive, and their authors don\u2019t address who targeted the embassies or why they were targeted. But the technology behind the suspected weapons is well understood and dates back to the Cold War arms race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. High-power microwave weapons are generally designed to disable electronic equipment. But as the Havana syndrome reports show, these pulses of energy can harm people, as well.<\/p>\n<p>As <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=DXWQnZYAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">an electrical and computer engineer<\/a> who designs and builds sources of high-power microwaves, I have spent decades studying the physics of these sources, including work with the U.S. Department of Defense. Directed energy microwave weapons convert energy from a power source \u2013 a wall plug in a lab or the engine on a military vehicle \u2013 into radiated electromagnetic energy and focus it on a target. The directed high-power microwaves damage equipment, particularly electronics, without killing nearby people.<\/p>\n<p>Two good examples are Boeing\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boeing.com\/features\/2012\/10\/bds-champ-10-22-12.page\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Counter-electronics High-powered Microwave Advanced Missile Project<\/a> (CHAMP), which is a high-power microwave source mounted in a missile, and <a href=\"https:\/\/afresearchlab.com\/technology\/directed-energy\/successstories\/counter-swarm-high-power-weapon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Tactical High-power Operational Responder<\/a> (THOR), which was recently developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory to knock out swarms of drones.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\n<figure>\n<p> <iframe srcdoc=\"\n\n<style>*{padding:0;margin:0;overflow:hidden}html,body{background:#000;height:100%}img{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:opacity .1s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,1,1)}a:hover img+img{opacity:1!important}<\/style>\n<p><a href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ogi_o8dszrk?feature=oembed&amp;autoplay=1&amp;mute=1&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;iv_load_policy=3&amp;theme=light&amp;playsinline=1'><img src='https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/Ogi_o8dszrk\/hqdefault.jpg'><img src='https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/themes\/cyberdelia\/assets\/img\/ytplaybtn.png' style='top: 50%;left:50%;width:68px;height:48px;transform:translate3d(-50%,-50%,0)'><img src='https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/themes\/cyberdelia\/assets\/img\/ytplaybtn-hover.png' style='top: 50%;left:50%;width:68px;height:48px;opacity:0;transform:translate3d(-50%,-50%,0)'><\/a>&#8221; height=&#8221;240&#8243; width=&#8221;320&#8243; allow=&#8221;accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture&#8221; allowfullscreen frameborder=&#8221;0&#8243;>[embedded content]<\/iframe> <\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p> <!--resp-video-container--><\/p>\n<figure><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">A news report about the U.S. Air Force\u2019s high-power microwave anti-drone weapon THOR.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Cold War origins<\/h2>\n<p>These types of directed energy microwave devices came on the scene in the late 1960s in the U.S. and the Soviet Union. They were enabled by the development of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pulsedpower.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">pulsed power<\/a> in the 1960s. Pulsed power generates short electrical pulses that have very high electrical power, meaning both high voltage \u2013 up to a few megavolts \u2013 and large electrical currents \u2013 tens of kiloamps. That\u2019s more voltage than the highest-voltage long-distance power transmission lines, and about the amount of current in a lightning bolt.<\/p>\n<p>Plasma physicists at the time realized that if you could generate, for example, a 1-megavolt electron beam with 10-kiloamp current, the result would be a beam power of 10 billion watts, or gigawatts. Converting 10% of that beam power into microwaves using standard microwave tube technology that dates back to the 1940s generates 1 gigawatt of microwaves. For comparison, the output power of today\u2019s typical microwave ovens is around a thousand watts \u2013 a million times smaller.<\/p>\n<p>The development of this technology led to a subset of the U.S.-Soviet arms race \u2013 a microwave power derby. When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, I and other American scientists gained access to Russian pulsed power accelerators, like the SINUS-6 that is still working in my lab. I had a fruitful decade of collaboration with my Russian colleagues, which swiftly ended following Vladimir Putin\u2019s rise to power.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\" readability=\"5\">\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"a machine in a laboratory with a rectilinear funnel-shaped structure in the foreground and a long metal pipe receding into the background\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"js-lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"a machine in a laboratory with a rectilinear funnel-shaped structure in the foreground and a long metal pipe receding into the background\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=450&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/374243\/original\/file-20201210-16-1cqrvik.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=566&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/us-embassies-allegedly-hit-with-high-power-microwaves-syndication#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Ftech%2F2022%2F02%2F11%2Fus-embassies-allegedly-hit-with-high-power-microwaves-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: This high-power microwave generator built in the Soviet Union continues to operate in Edl Schamiloglu\u2019s lab at the University of New Mexico. Edl Schamiloglu, University of New Mexico, CC BY-ND\" data-title=\"Share This high-power microwave generator built in the Soviet Union continues to operate in Edl Schamiloglu\u2019s lab at the University of New Mexico. Edl Schamiloglu, University of New Mexico, CC BY-ND on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share This high-power microwave generator built in the Soviet Union continues to operate in Edl Schamiloglu\u2019s lab at the University of New Mexico. Edl Schamiloglu, University of New Mexico, CC BY-ND on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>This high-power microwave generator built in the Soviet Union continues to operate in Edl Schamiloglu\u2019s lab at the University of New Mexico. Edl Schamiloglu, University of New Mexico, CC BY-ND<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Today, research in high-power microwaves continues in the U.S. and Russia but has exploded in China. I have visited labs in Russia since 1991 and labs in China since 2006, and the investment being made by China dwarfs activity in the U.S. and Russia. Dozens of countries now have active high-power microwave research programs.<\/p>\n<h2>Lots of power, little heat<\/h2>\n<p>Although these high-power microwave sources generate very high power levels, they tend to generate repeated short pulses. For example, the SINUS-6 in my lab produces an output pulse on the order of 10 nanoseconds, or billionths of a second. So even when generating 1 gigawatt of output power, a 10-nanosecond pulse has an energy content of only 10 joules. To put this in perspective, the average microwave oven in one second generates 1 kilojoule, or thousand joules of energy. It typically takes about 4 minutes to boil a cup of water, which corresponds to 240 kilojoules of energy.<\/p>\n<p>This is why microwaves generated by these high-power microwave weapons don\u2019t generate noticeable amounts of heat, let alone cause people to explode like baked potatoes in microwave ovens.<\/p>\n<p>High power is important in these weapons because generating very high instantaneous power yields very high instantaneous electric fields, which scale as the square root of the power. It is these high electric fields that can disrupt electronics, which is why the Department of Defense is interested in these devices.<\/p>\n<h2>How it affects people<\/h2>\n<p>The National Academies report links high-power microwaves to impacts on people through the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1962.17.4.689\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Frey effect<\/a>. The human head acts as a receiving antenna for microwaves in the low gigahertz frequency range. Pulses of microwaves in these frequencies can cause people to hear sounds, which is one of the symptoms reported by the affected U.S. personnel. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health-news\/what-do-we-know-about-havana-syndrome#Strange-Sounds-and-Neurological-Symptoms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Other symptoms<\/a> Havana syndrome sufferers have reported include headaches, nausea, hearing loss, lightheadedness and cognitive issues.<\/p>\n<p>The report notes that electronic devices were not disrupted during the attacks, suggesting that the power levels needed for the Frey effect are lower than would be required for an attack on electronics. This would be consistent with a high-power microwave weapon located at some distance from the targets. Power decreases dramatically with distance through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/science\/electrical-engineering\/ee-electrostatics\/ee-electric-force-and-electric-field\/a\/ee-inverse-square-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">inverse square law<\/a>, which means one of these devices could produce a power level at the target that would be too low to affect electronics but that could induce the Frey effect.<\/p>\n<p>The Russians and the Chinese certainly possess the capabilities of fielding high-power microwave sources like the ones that appear to have been used in Cuba and China. The truth of what actually happened to U.S. personnel in Cuba and China \u2013 and why \u2013 might remain a mystery, but the technology most likely involved comes from textbook physics, and the military powers of the world continue to develop and deploy it.<\/p>\n<p><em>This is an updated version of an article originally published on December 10, 2020.<\/em><!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/151730\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"js-lazy\"><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/151730\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>Article by <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/edl-schamiloglu-1185917\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Edl Schamiloglu<\/a>, Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-new-mexico-1901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">University of New Mexico<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/experts-suggest-us-embassies-were-hit-with-high-power-microwaves-heres-how-the-weapons-work-151730\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/us-embassies-allegedly-hit-with-high-power-microwaves-syndication\">Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some of the cases of the mystery ailment that has afflicted U.S. embassy staff and CIA officers off and on since 2016 in Cuba, China, Russia and other countries most likely were&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10225,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10224"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10224"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10224\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10224"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10224"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}