{"id":10461,"date":"2022-03-04T08:56:49","date_gmt":"2022-03-04T08:56:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/TheNextWeb=1381858"},"modified":"2022-03-04T08:56:49","modified_gmt":"2022-03-04T08:56:49","slug":"stop-obsessing-over-elizabeth-holmes-voice-its-sexist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/?p=10461","title":{"rendered":"Stop obsessing over Elizabeth Holmes\u2019 voice \u2014 it\u2019s sexist"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img-cdn.tnwcdn.com\/image\/growth-quarters?filter_last=1&amp;fit=1280%2C640&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn0.tnwcdn.com%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F1%2Ffiles%2F2022%2F01%2FUntitled-design-1.jpg&amp;signature=a1769e0c9f864ec56296f10333d6e8aa\" class=\"ff-og-image-inserted\"><\/div>\n<p>There is a scene in Hulu\u2019s new series, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt10166622\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Dropout<\/a>,\u201d where Theranos <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/topic\/founders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">founder<\/a> Elizabeth Holmes, wearing a white blouse, stands in front of a mirror and practices saying, \u201cThis is an inspiring step forward.\u201d With each iteration, her voice deepens.<\/p>\n<p>As the world has learned about Theranos\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/the-theranos-fraud-elizabeth-holmes-convicted-trial-blood-testing-start-up-11641330471\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">web of deception<\/a> \u2013 whether through John Carreyrou\u2019s bestselling book, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/549478\/bad-blood-by-john-carreyrou\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Bad Blood<\/a>,\u201d Apple\u2019s podcast series \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/the-dropout\/id1449500734\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Dropout<\/a>\u201d or Hulu\u2019s streaming series of the same name \u2013 Holmes\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mercurynews.com\/2022\/02\/09\/elizabeth-holmes-voice-the-dropout-devotes-an-entire-episode-to-her-odd-baritone\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">supposed attempt to alter her voice<\/a> is a detail that captivates audiences. The behavior might strike some people as bizarre, even sociopathic.<\/p>\n<p>But because of my training <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14015439609099196\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">in vocology<\/a>, the study of vocalization, and my interest in <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/tiktok-bamarush-and-the-irresistible-allure-of-mocking-southern-accents-166324\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">speech biases<\/a>, I\u2019m intrigued by why Holmes may have felt compelled to change her voice in the first place. I see the story of her voice as part of a broader cultural fixation on the way women speak and sound.<\/p>\n<h2>Reactions to Holmes\u2019 voice<\/h2>\n<p>Whenever Holmes is in the news, some questions always come up:<\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AI_a-B6F1Eg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">that distinctively low voice<\/a>? Is she faking it?<\/p>\n<p>I have not been able to find definitive proof, in the form of video or audio recordings, to show that Holmes\u2019 voice is noticeably different in its current form than at some previous time.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/lEArFDFcLZM?t=88\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">One video<\/a> claims to capture Holmes shifting between two very different voice modes. <span class=\"caption\">During this interview with Elizabeth Holmes, commenters highlight a vocal switch between the 1:28 and 2:08 marks.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"c-mrkdwn__pre\" data-stringify-type=\"pre\"> <figure> <p> <iframe srcdoc=\"<style>*{padding:0;margin:0;overflow:hidden}html,body{background:#000;height:100%}img{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:opacity .1s cubic-bezier(0.4,0,1,1)}a:hover img+img{opacity:1!important}<\/style><a href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lEArFDFcLZM&amp;t=1s?feature=oembed&amp;autoplay=1&amp;mute=1&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;iv_load_policy=3&amp;theme=light&amp;playsinline=1'><img src='https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/lEArFDFcLZM&amp;t=1s\/hqdefault.jpg'><img src='https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/themes\/cyberdelia\/assets\/img\/ytplaybtn.png' style='top: 50%;left:50%;width:68px;height:48px;transform:translate3d(-50%,-50%,0)'><img src='https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/themes\/cyberdelia\/assets\/img\/ytplaybtn-hover.png' style='top: 50%;left:50%;width:68px;height:48px;opacity:0;transform:translate3d(-50%,-50%,0)'><\/a>\" height=\"240\" width=\"320\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen frameborder=\"0\">[embedded content]<\/iframe> <\/p> <\/figure> <!--resp-video-container--><\/pre>\n<p>However, it could have been easily edited. And dramatic, sustained pitch changes in speech can be associated with heightened emotional states without indicating a put-on voice. At the same time, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecut.com\/2019\/03\/why-did-elizabeth-holmes-use-a-fake-deep-voice.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">people who know Holmes have claimed<\/a> that she changed her voice in order to cultivate a persona as a Silicon Valley wunderkind.<\/p>\n<p>Only a clinician like a <a href=\"https:\/\/voicefoundation.org\/health-science\/voice-disorders\/voice-care-team\/otolaryngologistlaryngologist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">laryngologist<\/a> can make a voice-related medical diagnosis. But since I can\u2019t definitively answer if Holmes\u2019 voice changed intentionally, it is worth considering what natural or medical processes could cause a similar effect. Hormones <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6592446\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">directly impact<\/a> the voice, including pitch and the perception of roughness or hoarseness. Women\u2019s voices tend to <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/vocal-effects-how-hormones-change-the-way-we-sound\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">decrease in pitch range during menopause<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Holmes\u2019 young age at the time she became known for her voice may rule out an age-related hormonal voice change, but a similar effect could be found with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vocapedia.info\/_Library\/JOS_files_Vocapedia\/JOS-069-5-2013-571.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">certain hormone therapy<\/a>. There are also several <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/voice-disorders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">voice disorders<\/a> that impact pitch range.<\/p>\n<h2>If she did it \u2026 how?<\/h2>\n<p>There are all sorts of reasons people seek voice therapy or coaching to address vocal insecurities. Whether they\u2019re concerned about their voice range or simply seeking skills to become better communicators, the voice is resilient and can be developed with training. There are also wonderful resources available for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asha.org\/public\/speech\/disorders\/voice-and-communication-change-for-transgender-people\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">gender-affirming voice<\/a> support for transgender people.<\/p>\n<p>So what is the physiological process at play when someone intentionally lowers their voice.<\/p>\n<p>Engaging a tiny laryngeal muscle called the <a href=\"https:\/\/med.umn.edu\/ent\/patient-care\/lions-voice-clinic\/about-the-voice\/how-it-works\/anatomy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">thyroarytenoid<\/a> causes the vocal folds, which are housed inside the larynx (or \u201cvoice box\u201d), to relax and become shorter and thicker. Imagine decreasing tension on a rubber band. These shorter, thicker folds vibrate at a lower frequency, resulting in a lower-pitched voice, just as a thicker or more lax <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yamaha.com\/en\/musical_instrument_guide\/acoustic_guitar\/mechanism\/mechanism003.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">guitar string<\/a> has a lower pitch.<\/p>\n<p>It is likely the singular nature of Holmes\u2019 voice is related not only to its low pitch, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7591156\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">but also its resonance<\/a>, the unique tonal quality, and placement of the voice. Holmes might adjust her resonance by consciously lowering the larynx. Doing so creates a longer space above the larynx, which boosts the <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0132193\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">deeper, darker tones<\/a> in the voice.<\/p>\n<h2>Women\u2019s voices subject to scrutiny<\/h2>\n<p>In my role as a theatrical <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rsc.org.uk\/about-us\/how-we-make-theatre\/voice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">voice coach<\/a>, I\u2019m sometimes asked to help women actors lower their voices. I\u2019ve encountered directors and producers with a significant distaste for higher-pitched women\u2019s voices, especially when this pitch range is combined with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asha.org\/practice-portal\/clinical-topics\/resonance-disorders\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">nasal resonance<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In movies and on TV, characters with high-pitched voices are often portrayed as comical, dim-witted, and generally undesirable. Think of Lina Lamont, the character from \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0045152\/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Singin\u2019 in the Rain<\/a>\u201d memorably played by Jean Hagen. Her high, piercing voice became a source of consistent laughs.<\/p>\n<p>Might sexist attitudes about women\u2019s voices cause <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0051216\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">women in leadership roles<\/a> to feel pressured to adjust their pitch range down?<\/p>\n<p>Former British Prime Minister <a href=\"https:\/\/www.workingvoices.com\/insights\/busting-the-margaret-thatcher-voice-coaching-myth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Margaret Thatcher<\/a>, nicknamed the \u201cIron Lady,\u201d famously <a href=\"https:\/\/decider.com\/2020\/11\/15\/the-crown-season-4-gillian-anderson-margaret-thatcher-real-voice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">down-shifted her voice<\/a> to burnish her stature. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanscientist.org\/article\/how-voice-pitch-influences-our-choice-of-leaders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Research on perceptions of pitch<\/a> in women\u2019s voices shows higher ones are associated with physical attractiveness, while lower voices are associated with dominance.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, many women <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/JfgBgpFJYto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">radio and podcast hosts<\/a> are barraged with negative listener feedback about \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/video\/watch\/accent-expert-breaks-down-language-pet-peeves\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">vocal fry<\/a>,\u201d the creaky mode of speaking made famous by Kim Kardashian.<\/p>\n<p>Yet physiologically, to create this sound, the vocal folds must vibrate at a low frequency, associated with low pitch. This much-maligned vocal feature is at one end of the pitch spectrum. But there\u2019s another equally hated speech feature that is achieved at the other end: the high-rising terminal intonation pattern, or \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-28708526\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">uptalk<\/a>.\u201d This feature is noted for the dramatic upward pitch at the end of each thought, which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z756L_CkakU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">can make<\/a> statements sound like questions.<\/p>\n<p>The insistence that women in media change the pitch of their voices often comes with little concern for the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14015439.2011.587447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">anatomical and physiological factors<\/a> that will limit how much pitch change is ultimately possible. My current research is investigating perceptions of women\u2019s speaking voices in the performing arts and considering whether it\u2019s time to part ways with some old aesthetic preferences.<\/p>\n<p>Either way, the delicate dance of trying to strike a happy medium \u2013 the Goldilocks voice profile, where one can be taken seriously as a leader without being perceived as inauthentic, grating or patronizing \u2013 seems to be elusive. Women\u2019s voices are the subject of endless scrutiny at both ends of the range \u2013 it seems they just can\u2019t win.<\/p>\n<p>If everything about this story were the same except the gender of Theranos\u2019 CEO, I wonder whether his voice would even be remarked upon. If it were, might the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/podcast\/episode\/deeper-voice-gives-electoral-advant-12-03-14\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">same vocal qualities<\/a> be perceived as positive traits befitting a capable, serious-minded leader?<\/p>\n<p>Elizabeth Holmes undoubtedly lacks the practical skills and moral compass to be a great leader. But all the noise about her voice, and the potential that she changed it to get ahead, just may reveal a sexist double standard that women seemingly can\u2019t escape.<!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><em>This article by <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/kathryn-cunningham-1197923\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Kathryn Cunningham<\/a>, Assistant Professor of Theatre, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-tennessee-688\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">University of Tennessee<\/a> is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/whats-behind-the-obsession-over-whether-elizabeth-holmes-intentionally-lowered-her-voice-177961\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/stop-obsessing-over-elizabeth-holmes-voice-sexist\">Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There is a scene in Hulu\u2019s new series, \u201cThe Dropout,\u201d where Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes, wearing a white blouse, stands in front of a mirror and practices saying, \u201cThis is an inspiring&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10462,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10461"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10461"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10461\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10462"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}