{"id":12537,"date":"2023-01-30T11:58:23","date_gmt":"2023-01-30T11:58:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/TheNextWeb=1393805"},"modified":"2023-01-30T11:58:23","modified_gmt":"2023-01-30T11:58:23","slug":"what-greek-myths-can-teach-us-about-the-dangers-of-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/?p=12537","title":{"rendered":"What Greek myths can teach us about the dangers of AI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>We might think that the conception of robots, <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/topic\/ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AI<\/a>, and automated machines is a modern phenomenon, but, in fact, the idea had already appeared in Western literature nearly 3,000 years ago. Long before Isaac Asimov conceived the Laws of Robotics (1942) and John McCarthy coined the term \u201cArtificial Intelligence\u201d (1995), Ancient Greeks myths were full of stories about intelligent humanoids.<\/p>\n<p>The fact that these mythical humanoids meet the criteria of modern definitions on robotics and AI is impressive in itself. But what\u2019s even more astonishing is that these old tales can provide us with valuable teachings and insights into our modern discourse on artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n<p>Such stories \u201cperpetuated over millennia, are a testament to the persistence of thinking and talking about what it is to be human and what it means to simulate life,\u201d historian Adrienne Mayor, writes in her book <em><a href=\"https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/books\/hardcover\/9780691183510\/gods-and-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines, and Ancient Dreams of Technology<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"inarticle-wrapper channel-cta\">\n<div class=\"ica-text\" readability=\"0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/valencia?utm_source=TNW+Website&amp;utm_medium=TNW+website+in+article&amp;utm_campaign=In+Context+Article+Ads&amp;utm_content=VLC+main+page\" data-event-category=\"Article\" data-event-action=\"In Article Block\" data-event-label=\"Get your tickets for TNW Val\u00e8ncia in March!\" target=\"_blank\" readability=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><\/p>\n<h4>Get your tickets for TNW Val\u00e8ncia in March!<\/h4>\n<p>The heart of tech is coming to the heart of the Mediterranean<\/p>\n<p><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In other words, the desire to reach beyond humans and create non-biological life by endowing intelligence into machines seems an innate part of our nature. And this is why we can find wisdom to inform contemporary discourse in age-old myths.<\/p>\n<p>Through the dread, hope, and moral dilemmas they express, these stories can provide us with an alternative way to process some of the most pressing questions regarding intelligent machines: how far should we go with AI? And what are the looming moral and practical implications of this technology?<\/p>\n<p>To revisit these questions, we\u2019ll look into three intelligent humanoids in Greek myth: the Golden Maidens, Talos, and Pandora.<\/p>\n<h2>The Golden Maidens: the inherent need for labor-saving technology<\/h2>\n<p>The Golden Maidens were built by Hephaestus, the god of fire. They\u2019re described as female assistants made of gold who look like living young women, and can anticipate and respond to their maker\u2019s needs.<\/p>\n<p>But most importantly, \u201cthey\u2019re endowed with the hallmarks of human beings: consciousness, intelligence, learning, reason, and speech,\u201d Mayor remarks in her book.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1393821 js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02.jpeg\" alt=\"Hephaestus automata\" width=\"816\" height=\"816\" sizes=\"(max-width: 816px) 100vw, 816px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02.jpeg 1640w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-210x210.jpeg 210w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-135x135.jpeg 135w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-96x96.jpeg 96w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-270x270.jpeg 270w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-1536x1536.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-796x796.jpeg 796w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-1592x1592.jpeg 1592w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-192x192.jpeg 192w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-1200x1200.jpeg 1200w\"><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/what-greek-myths-can-teach-about-dangers-of-ai#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Ftech%2F2023%2F01%2F30%2Fwhat-greek-myths-can-teach-about-dangers-of-ai%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Kylix depicting Hephaestus presenting Thetis with armor for her son Achilles. The divine smith holds a hammer in one hand and a helm in the other. The painting illustrates a scene from Homer\u2019s Iliad. Credit: ArchaiOptix via Wikimedia\" data-title=\"Share Kylix depicting Hephaestus presenting Thetis with armor for her son Achilles. The divine smith holds a hammer in one hand and a helm in the other. The painting illustrates a scene from Homer\u2019s Iliad. Credit: ArchaiOptix via Wikimedia on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Kylix depicting Hephaestus presenting Thetis with armor for her son Achilles. The divine smith holds a hammer in one hand and a helm in the other. The painting illustrates a scene from Homer\u2019s Iliad. Credit: ArchaiOptix via Wikimedia on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>Kylix depicting <span>Hephaestus presenting Thetis with armor for her son Achilles. The divine smith holds a hammer in one hand and a helm in the other. The painting illustrates a scene from Homer\u2019s <em>Iliad<\/em>. Credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_%2802%29.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">ArchaiOptix via Wikimedia<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1393821\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02.jpeg\" alt=\"Hephaestus automata\" width=\"816\" height=\"816\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02.jpeg 1640w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-210x210.jpeg 210w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-135x135.jpeg 135w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-96x96.jpeg 96w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-270x270.jpeg 270w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-1536x1536.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-796x796.jpeg 796w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-1592x1592.jpeg 1592w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-192x192.jpeg 192w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/Foundry_Painter_ARV_400_1_Hephaistos_and_Thetis_-_foundry_02-1200x1200.jpeg 1200w\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p>There\u2019s an immediate parallel we can draw between ancient myth and modern society: one of the main reasons for the creation of intelligent, automated machines is economic, or rather, labor-saving.<\/p>\n<p>The idea that robots and self-acting devices could act as servants (or slaves) was a point also stressed by the famous Greek philosopher, Aristotle. In the first book of his <em><a href=\"http:\/\/classics.mit.edu\/Aristotle\/politics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Politics<\/a>, <\/em>he contemplates:<\/p>\n<blockquote readability=\"9\">\n<p>If every tool could perform its own work obeying or anticipating the needs of others, [\u2026] and if [\u2026] shuttles could weave and picks could play the lyre by themselves, then craftsmen wouldn\u2019t need servants and masters wouldn\u2019t need slaves.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The idea, though well ahead of its time, is actually very simple: a society in which people don\u2019t have to do the drudge work, and instead, delegate it to machines. And as much as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiley.com\/en-us\/Ancient+Greek+and+Roman+Slavery-p-9781405188067\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Greek society depended on the institution of slavery to function<\/a>, we are now creating a new class of mechanical servants.<\/p>\n<p>Think of the vacuum bot cleaners that may stroll across your floors, the surgical robots that perform complex surgical procedures, or the military bots designed to disarm bombs.<\/p>\n<p>This does raise an interesting question though. While we have personal robots that can help us with small tasks, the real wealth of automation will come when entire industries are destroyed and replaced by free workers. Think of self-driving cars removing truckers from work for instance. But unless the money generated from such moves go to the dispossessed, the privileged and wealthy (i.e. those similar to Hephaestus) will benefit most.<\/p>\n<p>This idea is explored further in the continuing myths.<\/p>\n<h2>Talos: intelligent machines in the hands of tyrants<\/h2>\n<p>Unlike the Golden Maiden, Talos was created to cause harm (as was Pandora, but more on that later).<\/p>\n<p>Talos was a bronze giant robot, again made by Hephaestus. He was gifted by Zeus to his son Minos, the mythical king of Crete, to guard and protect the island.<\/p>\n<p>The guardian robot would throw huge rocks at foreign ships approaching the island, and enemies managed to get on land, he would hug them and burn them alive thanks to his ability to heat up his bronze body.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1393808 js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203.jpg\" alt=\"Talos ancient AI \" width=\"489\" height=\"513\" sizes=\"(max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203.jpg 1527w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203-200x210.jpg 200w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203-129x135.jpg 129w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203-258x270.jpg 258w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203-1466x1536.jpg 1466w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203-796x834.jpg 796w\"><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/what-greek-myths-can-teach-about-dangers-of-ai#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Ftech%2F2023%2F01%2F30%2Fwhat-greek-myths-can-teach-about-dangers-of-ai%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Silver stater depicting Talos with wings and rocks on each hand. 5th century B.C. Credit: Museum of Fine Arts Boston\" data-title=\"Share Silver stater depicting Talos with wings and rocks on each hand. 5th century B.C. Credit: Museum of Fine Arts Boston on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Silver stater depicting Talos with wings and rocks on each hand. 5th century B.C. Credit: Museum of Fine Arts Boston on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>Silver stater depicting Talos with wings and rocks on each hand. 5th century B.C. Credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/collections.mfa.org\/objects\/3688\/stater-of-phaistos-with-talos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Museum of Fine Arts Boston<\/a><\/figcaption><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1393808\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203.jpg\" alt=\"Talos ancient AI \" width=\"489\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203.jpg 1527w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203-200x210.jpg 200w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203-129x135.jpg 129w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203-258x270.jpg 258w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203-1466x1536.jpg 1466w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/SC252203-796x834.jpg 796w\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p>Talos doesn\u2019t seem to possess a human level of intelligence, but he\u2019s able to interact with his environment and perform various tasks.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, some mythological variations of his demise hint significantly at the possibility that he\u2019s conscious of his existence and that he has a kind of agency.<\/p>\n<p>As Mayor notes, \u201dIn these versions, Talos is portrayed as susceptible to human fears and hopes, with a kind of volition and intelligence.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>If one looks at the relevant mythological corpus, they will notice that all such machines used to cause harm belonged to tyrannical rulers; in our example, King Minos of Crete, and Zeus, the father of gods and men, in the case of Pandora.<\/p>\n<p>And there\u2019s a notable moral in these stories: superior technology can help exercise control.<\/p>\n<p>Think of military robots, for instance, which have been in use since World War II. To give a more recent example, the war in Ukraine has become <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/ukraine-has-become-worlds-testing-ground-for-military-robots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the largest testbed for AI-powered autonomous and uncrewed combat vehicles<\/a>, highlighting the excitement of military leaders about the potential usefulness of <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/topic\/artificial-intelligence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">artificial intelligence<\/a> technology.<\/p>\n<p>And it\u2019s not just war that AI can serve those in power.<\/p>\n<p>It can also be used by authoritarian regimes to track citizens, influence the flow of information, and marginalize dissident voices, as the example of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/china\/china-uses-ai-software-improve-its-surveillance-capabilities-2022-04-08\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">China<\/a> shows.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, AI\u2019s breadth of applications (in healthcare, finance, e-commerce and so on) is shaping a new battleground of geopolitical power \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cigionline.org\/articles\/technological-revolutions-and-the-role-of-the-state-in-the-governance-of-digital-technologies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">as big technological breakthroughs have historically done<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1393811 js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/01-Vaso-di-Talos-1.jpeg\" alt=\"Talos ancient humanoid \" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/01-Vaso-di-Talos-1.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/01-Vaso-di-Talos-1-280x187.jpeg 280w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/01-Vaso-di-Talos-1-202x135.jpeg 202w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/01-Vaso-di-Talos-1-405x270.jpeg 405w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/01-Vaso-di-Talos-1-796x531.jpeg 796w\"><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/what-greek-myths-can-teach-about-dangers-of-ai#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Ftech%2F2023%2F01%2F30%2Fwhat-greek-myths-can-teach-about-dangers-of-ai%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Attic crater depicting Talos\u2019 death. The giant falls into the hands of Castor and Pollux. 5th century B.C. Credit: Museo Archeologico Nazionale Jatta, Ruvo di Puglia\" data-title=\"Share Attic crater depicting Talos\u2019 death. The giant falls into the hands of Castor and Pollux. 5th century B.C. Credit: Museo Archeologico Nazionale Jatta, Ruvo di Puglia on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Attic crater depicting Talos\u2019 death. The giant falls into the hands of Castor and Pollux. 5th century B.C. Credit: Museo Archeologico Nazionale Jatta, Ruvo di Puglia on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>Attic crater depicting Talos\u2019 death. The giant falls into the hands of Castor and Pollux. 5th century B.C. Credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/musei.puglia.beniculturali.it\/musei\/museo-archeologico-nazionale-jatta\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Museo Archeologico Nazionale Jatta, Ruvo di Puglia<\/a><\/figcaption><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1393811\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/01-Vaso-di-Talos-1.jpeg\" alt=\"Talos ancient humanoid \" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/01-Vaso-di-Talos-1.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/01-Vaso-di-Talos-1-280x187.jpeg 280w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/01-Vaso-di-Talos-1-202x135.jpeg 202w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/01-Vaso-di-Talos-1-405x270.jpeg 405w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/01-Vaso-di-Talos-1-796x531.jpeg 796w\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p>Domination of AI by powerful nations <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Blogs\/Articles\/2020\/12\/02\/blog-how-artificial-intelligence-could-widen-the-gap-between-rich-and-poor-nations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">is expected<\/a> to deepen structural inequalities and contribute to new forms of social and economic imbalance. Similarly, as AI is mostly centralized (meaning that it\u2019s limited to the ownership of a single entity), it will further empower the leading Big Tech companies creating it, enabling them to pursue their own agendas.<\/p>\n<p>But have these consequences been debated enough by the nations\u2019 regulatory bodies or the companies that are currently developing AI?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think the Silicon Valley and Big Tech companies and billionaires control the narrative over AI so much that it creates little space for that kind of debate that\u2019s necessary for a technology that grows so massively,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.georgezarkadakis.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">George Zarkadakis<\/a>, AI engineer, futurist, and writer, told TNW.<\/p>\n<p>Unless controlled, legally regulated, and removed from the individual, AI tools won\u2019t benefit society in the way we envision. And the danger of them falling into the hands of nefarious actors who could use them to assert dominance is highlighted by the following myth where Zeus\u2019 fear of losing his ruling power led to the creation of a perilous weapon: Pandora.<\/p>\n<h2>Pandora: surpassing the limits<\/h2>\n<p>Pandora was created as an instrument of punishment. After the Titan Prometheus (his name means \u201cforesight\u201d) stole fire from the gods and gave it to mankind to help it create technology, Zeus commanded Hephaestus to fabricate <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pure.ed.ac.uk\/ws\/portalfiles\/portal\/13577799\/A_woman_of_consequence_Pandora_in_Hesiod_s_Works_and_Days.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Pandora<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The mythical humanoid was designed to be evil disguised as a gift, something that would make humankind pay for reaching closer to the divine level, as up until then, fire and technology were unique privileges of the gods.<\/p>\n<p>Hephaestus fabricated Pandora, molding earth and water into the shape of a beautiful woman. She was also endowed with treachery, deceit, and seduction. At the end, Zeus gave her a mysterious jar.<\/p>\n<p>After her completion, Pandora was sent to Prometheus\u2019 brother, Epimetheus (his name meaning \u201chindsight\u201d), who forgot the warning never to accept a gift from Zeus. Once on Earth, Pandora opened the jar unleashing all kinds of evil that would plague humankind forever. Following Zeus\u2019 instructions, she sealed the jar right before hope could escape, trapping it inside.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1393823 js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001.jpg\" alt=\"Pandora humanoid \" width=\"753\" height=\"1003\" sizes=\"(max-width: 753px) 100vw, 753px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001.jpg 1876w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-158x210.jpg 158w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-101x135.jpg 101w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-203x270.jpg 203w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-1153x1536.jpg 1153w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-1537x2048.jpg 1537w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-796x1061.jpg 796w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-1592x2122.jpg 1592w\"><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/what-greek-myths-can-teach-about-dangers-of-ai#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Ftech%2F2023%2F01%2F30%2Fwhat-greek-myths-can-teach-about-dangers-of-ai%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Calyx-krater depicting Pandora\u2019s making. On the top row, Pandora stands in the middle facing forward, a stance typically used for non-living creatures. On her left stand Athena and Poseidon, and on her right stands Ares who\u2019s looking back to Hermes. On the bottom row, there is a chorus of Pans. 5th century BC. Credit: The Trustees of the British Museum\" data-title=\"Share Calyx-krater depicting Pandora\u2019s making. On the top row, Pandora stands in the middle facing forward, a stance typically used for non-living creatures. On her left stand Athena and Poseidon, and on her right stands Ares who\u2019s looking back to Hermes. On the bottom row, there is a chorus of Pans. 5th century BC. Credit: The Trustees of the British Museum on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Calyx-krater depicting Pandora\u2019s making. On the top row, Pandora stands in the middle facing forward, a stance typically used for non-living creatures. On her left stand Athena and Poseidon, and on her right stands Ares who\u2019s looking back to Hermes. On the bottom row, there is a chorus of Pans. 5th century BC. Credit: The Trustees of the British Museum on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>Calyx-krater depicting Pandora\u2019s making. On the top row, Pandora stands in the middle facing forward, a stance typically used for non-living creatures. On her left stand Athena and Poseidon, and on her right stands Ares who\u2019s looking back to Hermes. On the bottom row, there is a chorus of Pans. 5th century BC. Credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/G_1856-1213-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Trustees of the British Museum<\/a><\/figcaption><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1393823\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001.jpg\" alt=\"Pandora humanoid \" width=\"753\" height=\"1003\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001.jpg 1876w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-158x210.jpg 158w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-101x135.jpg 101w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-203x270.jpg 203w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-1153x1536.jpg 1153w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-1537x2048.jpg 1537w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-796x1061.jpg 796w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/296597001-1592x2122.jpg 1592w\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s unclear whether Pandora has the ability to learn, choose, or act autonomously,\u201d Mayor notes. \u201cHer only mission is to open the jar of all human misfortune.\u201d In modern terms, \u201cshe does what she\u2019s programmed to do.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>There is a pressing question we can explore using this mythological context: are we suffering from a god complex? And, with AI, dealing with elements we simply don\u2019t understand?<\/p>\n<p>An integral element of Greek mythology, which is fully expressed in Pandora\u2019s myth, is the notion of hubris. This refers to an act that violates the natural order by disregarding the divinely fixed limits on human action in the cosmos. Such an act is always followed by god-sent punishment to restore balance, as in the case of Pandora\u2019s jar.<\/p>\n<p>According to Zarkadakis, there\u2019s a lot of hubris in AI as well.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think the purpose of God is to remind people that they\u2019re not gods themselves. And you know, in the absence of gods, we have this problem, right? We think we are gods because we don\u2019t need God anymore. So we\u2019re building our own gods that will be our gods in the future,\u201d he explained. And machines that would be almost impossible to discern from a human being could also be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/nl-en\/cloud\/learn\/what-is-artificial-intelligence#:~:text=Artificial%20intelligence%20leverages%20computers%20and,capabilities%20of%20the%20human%20mind.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">infinitely smarter<\/a>, \u201cthey would be like a god,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n<p>Zarkadakis believes that the ancient myths were trying to prevent us from going down that slippery path; but we\u2019re heading there anyway.<\/p>\n<p>This recalls Steven Hawking\u2019s warning over the potential danger of AI. \u201cThe development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race,\u201d he said during an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-30290540\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">interview<\/a> with BBC. \u201cIt would take off on its own, and re-design itself at an ever increasing rate. Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn\u2019t compete, and would be superseded.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1393825 js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1.jpg\" alt=\"Greek myth AI \" width=\"826\" height=\"1077\" sizes=\"(max-width: 826px) 100vw, 826px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1.jpg 1227w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1-161x210.jpg 161w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1-104x135.jpg 104w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1-207x270.jpg 207w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1-1178x1536.jpg 1178w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1-796x1038.jpg 796w\"><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/what-greek-myths-can-teach-about-dangers-of-ai#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Ftech%2F2023%2F01%2F30%2Fwhat-greek-myths-can-teach-about-dangers-of-ai%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Aryballos (perfume jar) depicting Hope trapped in a jar. 7th century BC. Credit: Museum of Fine Arts Boston\" data-title=\"Share Aryballos (perfume jar) depicting Hope trapped in a jar. 7th century BC. Credit: Museum of Fine Arts Boston on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Aryballos (perfume jar) depicting Hope trapped in a jar. 7th century BC. Credit: Museum of Fine Arts Boston on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>Aryballos (perfume jar) depicting Hope trapped in a jar. 7th century BC. Credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/collections.mfa.org\/objects\/154669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Museum of Fine Arts Boston<\/a><\/figcaption><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1393825\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1.jpg\" alt=\"Greek myth AI \" width=\"826\" height=\"1077\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1.jpg 1227w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1-161x210.jpg 161w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1-104x135.jpg 104w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1-207x270.jpg 207w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1-1178x1536.jpg 1178w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/CR6788-d1-796x1038.jpg 796w\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p>So should we open Pandora\u2019s jar?<\/p>\n<p>Our choice doesn\u2019t differ too much from the one Epimetheus had to make. Much like the ancient humanoid, AI comes with a <a href=\"https:\/\/philarchive.org\/archive\/YAMUAI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">black box<\/a>, the Deep Neural Networks (DNN) systems machine learning is based on. This means that while scientists have access to the inputs and outputs AI uses, they don\u2019t know how its decision-making process works.<\/p>\n<p>We don\u2019t know what\u2019s inside the black box, the same way Epimetheus didn\u2019t know what was inside the jar. The moral of the myth is clear: think before you act, or act before you think \u2014 and suffer the consequences. And to relate this to our modern debate, unless we seriously consider the possible negative outcomes, it\u2019s dangerous to rush into creating something we don\u2019t fully understand just because we can.<\/p>\n<p>To avoid opening the jar recklessly, Zarkadakis suggests posing a vital question supported by ethical and philosophical considerations: \u201cWhat\u2019s the end game?\u201d And based on that, \u201cwhat might be the cost and consequences of the technology?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA machine that has full autonomy and is conscious means it\u2019s completely free, it can think in any way, and, thus, that it can be potentially dangerous,\u201d he explained. \u201cThe number one risk is extinction, and it\u2019s bad enough in theory to try to build such AI and see what happens.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1393827 js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/PANDORA-2.jpg\" alt=\"Greek myth AI\" width=\"896\" height=\"702\" sizes=\"(max-width: 896px) 100vw, 896px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/PANDORA-2.jpg 1293w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/PANDORA-2-268x210.jpg 268w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/PANDORA-2-172x135.jpg 172w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/PANDORA-2-345x270.jpg 345w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/PANDORA-2-796x624.jpg 796w\"><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/what-greek-myths-can-teach-about-dangers-of-ai#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Ftech%2F2023%2F01%2F30%2Fwhat-greek-myths-can-teach-about-dangers-of-ai%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Cup depicting Pandora\u2019s making. In the center, Pandora stands en face with Hephaestus on her right holding a hammer. 5th century BC. Credit: The Trustees of the British Museum\" data-title=\"Share Cup depicting Pandora\u2019s making. In the center, Pandora stands en face with Hephaestus on her right holding a hammer. 5th century BC. Credit: The Trustees of the British Museum on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Cup depicting Pandora\u2019s making. In the center, Pandora stands en face with Hephaestus on her right holding a hammer. 5th century BC. Credit: The Trustees of the British Museum on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>Cup depicting Pandora\u2019s making. In the center, Pandora stands en face with Hephaestus on her right holding a hammer. 5th century BC. Credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/G_1881-0528-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Trustees of the British Museum<\/a><\/figcaption><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-1393827\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/PANDORA-2.jpg\" alt=\"Greek myth AI\" width=\"896\" height=\"702\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/PANDORA-2.jpg 1293w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/PANDORA-2-268x210.jpg 268w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/PANDORA-2-172x135.jpg 172w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/PANDORA-2-345x270.jpg 345w, https:\/\/cdn0.tnwcdn.com\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/1\/files\/2023\/01\/PANDORA-2-796x624.jpg 796w\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p>Zarkadakis remarked that the reason why we\u2019re fully autonomous is because as biological social beings we are equipped with ethics and morality.<\/p>\n<p>But teaching ethics and morality to AI systems has been so far unsuccessful. Think of the racism scandals of <a href=\"https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/in-2016-microsofts-racist-chatbot-revealed-the-dangers-of-online-conversation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Microsoft\u2019s Tay<\/a> and<a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/chatbot-shut-down-after-saying-it-really-hates-lesbians-and-using-racist-slurs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> ScatterLab\u2019s Lee Luda<\/a>. Or, most recently, <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/meta-takes-new-ai-system-offline-because-twitter-users-mean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Meta\u2019s Galactica<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Zarkadakis believes that we don\u2019t actually need conscious AI. \u201cI think what we need as human society is to live a better life and have more free time is a big goal to that,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s a massive usefulness for artificial intelligence to help us reach that point. What we need for AI is social integration and we should absolutely rethink the autonomy of machines and revise their manifesto.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>With this approach, AI could, in fact, be the inverse of Pandora \u2014 a democratic tool that could help make ourselves and the world better. And shouldn\u2019t this be technology\u2019s mission?<\/p>\n<h2>From myth to reality<\/h2>\n<p>Thousands of years ago, these three myths illuminated the potential of intelligent machines to serve a good purpose (as in the case of the Golden Maidens) or cause harm (as in the case of Talos and Pandora) \u2014 a potential we\u2019re already seeing materializing today.<\/p>\n<p>Most notably, though, they bring forth a set of questions that are vital for our pursuit of AI: whose aspirations will it serve, from whom will it learn, what do we want it to be, and how far should we go with it before surpassing the limits?<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, AI is much like Pandora\u2019s mysterious jar. We don\u2019t know what\u2019s inside and we can assume it contains both good and evil. In the end, it\u2019s all about the role we\u2019ll play: will we be like Prometheus and demonstrate the required foresight, or will we be like Epimetheus and act before examining the consequences?<\/p>\n<p>Ancient Greek myth has told us the dangers of AI, it\u2019s now up to us to listen.<\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/what-greek-myths-can-teach-about-dangers-of-ai\">Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We might think that the conception of robots, AI, and automated machines is a modern phenomenon, but, in fact, the idea had already appeared in Western literature nearly 3,000 years ago. Long&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12538,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12537"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12537"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12537\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12538"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}