{"id":2723,"date":"2021-02-01T11:00:26","date_gmt":"2021-02-01T11:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/?p=1336781"},"modified":"2021-02-01T11:00:26","modified_gmt":"2021-02-01T11:00:26","slug":"police-say-they-can-use-facial-recognition-despite-bans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/?p=2723","title":{"rendered":"Police say they can use facial recognition, despite bans"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Mere hours after supporters of former president Donald Trump forced their way into the Capitol Building on Jan. 6, sleuths, both amateur and professional, took up the task of combing through the voluminous videos and photos on social media to identify rioters. Facial recognition technology \u2014 long reviled by police reform advocates as inaccurate and racially biased \u2014 was suddenly everywhere.<\/p>\n

A college student in <\/span>Washington, D.C., used facial recognition<\/a> to extract faces from videos on social media. <\/span>The Washington Post<\/a> used facial recognition to count the number of individual faces at the Capitol Building attack, and a <\/span>researcher from Citizen Lab<\/a> used it to identify people involved in the riots. And when the FBI posted photos of rioters, looking for help with identification, the Miami Police Department assigned two detectives to scan faces<\/a> into the department\u2019s Clearview facial recognition app.<\/p>\n

The episode was a reminder that facial recognition software is now ubiquitous in the private and public sectors\u2014a fact that often gets overlooked as cities pass high-profile laws that purport to ban law enforcement from using the technology. The Markup examined 17 bans passed in the past couple of years, speaking with local officials and reading through official documents. In six of those cities, officials either told The Markup or otherwise publicly stated that loopholes in the bans effectively allow police to access information garnered through facial recognition.<\/p>\n

The bans in Pittsburgh; Boston; Alameda, Calif.; Madison, Wis.; Northampton, Mass.; and Easthampton, Mass., all have language in their regulations that may allow local police to continue using facial recognition through state and federal agencies or the private sector.<\/p>\n

Some say such loopholes are a good thing: Following the riots in D.C., Massachusetts governor Charlie Baker said keeping facial recognition technology as a tool is necessary precisely because of <\/span>situations like the Jan. 6 riot<\/a>. Late last year, Baker <\/span>pushed for exceptions<\/a> <\/span>to a statewide restriction on facial recognition before agreeing to sign the bill.<\/p>\n

Others, however, said laws need to go further and explicitly prevent police from evading bans.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe realist in me has no doubt that police departments will try to wedge in any kind of loopholes around the use of this technology or any other sort of tool that they have at their disposal. This is not a surveillance problem; this is a policing problem,\u201d Mohammad Tajsar, a senior staff attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California, said. \u201cIf you create a carve-out for the cops, they will take it.\u201d<\/p>\n

[Read: How this company leveraged AI to become the Netflix of Finland<\/span><\/a>]<\/em><\/p>\n

Different cities, different loopholes<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

When Pittsburgh passed its ban at a City Council meeting in September, Council Member Ricky Burgess voted for it, though under protest.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere\u2019s a part of the legislation that says it doesn\u2019t apply to us using software produced or shared by other police departments,\u201d he said at the meeting. \u201cThis does not stop facial recognition.\u201d<\/p>\n

The ordinance has a section that notes that the law \u201cshall not affect activities related to databases, programs, and technology regulated, operated, maintained, and published by another government entity.\u201d<\/p>\n

Boston<\/a>, <\/span>Madison, Wis.<\/a>, and <\/span>Alameda, Calif.<\/a>, have similar language.<\/p>\n

The Alameda Police Department didn\u2019t respond to The Markup\u2019s questions on that city\u2019s ban, but when the ban passed, an assistant city manager testified<\/a> <\/span>that the \u201csoftware could be leveraged as a resource in the scenario of a crime spree involving the Federal Bureau of Investigations [sic],\u201d which uses facial recognition, but \u201cthe technology is not something the City of Alameda would be paying for or directly seeking.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tyler Grigg, a public information officer for the Madison Police Department, told The Markup that officers can use facial recognition provided by businesses even though it\u2019s banned from government use.<\/p>\n

In Easthampton, Mass., the ban still allows police to use facial recognition as evidence if it comes from another law enforcement agency, but not businesses, Dennis Scribner, a public information officer for the Easthampton Police Department, said.<\/p>\n

Northampton, Mass., police chief Jody Kasper told The Markup that the department could use information from facial recognition provided by both outside agencies and businesses.<\/p>\n

Tali Robbins, policy director for Boston city councilor Michelle Wu, who authored that city\u2019s ban, confirmed that Boston police may have access to facial recognition technology through other agencies.<\/p>\n

Kade Crockford, director of the Technology for Liberty program at the ACLU of Massachusetts, said it can be difficult for police to effectively track where their tips are coming from and ensure that facial recognition wasn\u2019t used.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe want the ordinances to actually have an impact,\u201d Crockford said. \u201cIf they\u2019re too narrow in the sense that they restrict law enforcement conduct like the use of information that comes from an outside agency, we worry there\u2019s a slippery slope that they\u2019ll just ignore it.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ultimately, Crockford said, a federal restriction or ban on the technology would best prevent facial recognition from being used at all.<\/p>\n

However, some argue police are misinterpreting the local bans already in place. Chad Marlow, a senior advocacy and policy counsel at the ACLU, told The Markup that Northampton police should not be able to access the technology, through any means, under that city\u2019s ban.<\/p>\n

\u201cThey are not allowed to spend any resources, including personnel time, on facial recognition. That\u2019s what the law says. There are no carve-outs in the law,\u201d Marlow said about Northampton\u2019s police chief\u2019s interpretation.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s not always easy to track how facial recognition gets used<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

In many known cases of police using facial recognition, the suspect wasn\u2019t aware police used the technology until much later.<\/p>\n

An NBC Miami investigation found that <\/span>Miami police arrested protesters using facial recognition<\/a>. The arrest reports noted only that police had identified suspects using \u201cinvestigative means,\u201d and even defense attorneys said they were not aware facial recognition was used until approached by NBC.<\/p>\n

Jacksonville police arrested a man for selling $50 of cocaine and <\/span>identified him by using facial recognition<\/a> but didn\u2019t disclose the technology\u2019s use in the police report.<\/p>\n

\u201cEven when facial recognition is being used in investigations, it\u2019s typically hidden,\u201d Jake Laperruque, a senior counsel at the Constitution Project, said.<\/p>\n

Police, for instance, can get tips based on a private business\u2019s use of facial recognition software. Companies like Rite Aid, Home Depot, and Walmart have <\/span>implemented or tested<\/a> <\/span>the technology in their stores.<\/p>\n

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Cities banned facial recognition for police use because of its <\/span>known bias against people of color<\/a> and <\/span>women<\/a>, and it\u2019s no different when businesses are using the technology, Laperruque said.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis stuff can be wrong a lot, and it\u2019s especially wrong for people of color,\u201d he said. \u201cIf this is something that\u2019s going to lead to a store calling the police on a person, that to me creates a lot of the same risks if you worry about facial recognition misidentifying someone by the police.\u201d<\/p>\n

A New York teen recently filed a <\/span>multimillion-dollar lawsuit<\/a> against Apple in the Southern District Court of New York, alleging he was misidentified as a chronic shoplifter when Apple\u2019s security firm linked his name to surveillance footage of a different person. The actual shoplifter, according to the complaint, had stolen the teen\u2019s driver\u2019s permit and presented it to security when he was caught shoplifting at multiple Apple stores.<\/p>\n

When New York police officers arrested Ousmane Bah, the lawsuit says, they quickly realized they had the wrong person, telling Bah he was likely \u201cincorrectly identified based on a facial recognition system utilized by Apple or [Security Industry Specialists].\u201d<\/p>\n

Apple, which declined to comment on the lawsuit to The Markup, has denied it uses facial recognition software in its stores.<\/p>\n

Information also flows freely among law enforcement agencies that may be operating under different regulations. In San Francisco, the first city to ban the technology, controversy ensued when facial recognition showed up in a criminal case<\/a> last September.<\/p>\n

San Francisco police had sent out a bulletin request looking for help identifying a gun discharge suspect in a photo. Another law enforcement agency\u2014The Northern California Regional Intelligence Center (NCRIC)\u2014responded with an ID they derived from using PhotoMatch facial identification software.<\/p>\n

NCRIC, a partnership of federal, state, and local departments, does not fall under the jurisdiction of San Francisco\u2019s facial recognition ban, executive director Mike Sena told The Markup, and runs facial recognition searches anytime it gets an identification request.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur job is to help locate bad guys, no matter what city they\u2019re in,\u201d Sena said. \u201cThe worst thing I can do is hold onto a potential match.\u201d<\/p>\n

Public officials in San Francisco, however, raised a fuss when they became aware of the case, insisting that the city\u2019s ban precluded the department from using NCRIC\u2019s identification. (The SFPD claims several officers recognized the suspect on their own before receiving the facial recognition match.)<\/p>\n

The case is ongoing and scheduled for trial in March.<\/p>\n

SFPD public information officer Michael Andraychak told The Markup that going forward, the department \u201cwould not be able to use any identification obtained via facial  recognition software.\u201d<\/p>\n

The portland model<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

Last September, Portland, Ore., passed the most comprehensive facial recognition ban to date, prohibiting not only law enforcement use but also use in places of public accommodation (e.g., restaurants and other places open to the general public).<\/p>\n

\u201cOnce we started doing our due diligence to develop our own policy, we started getting a lot of community feedback and recognizing the role that private businesses are having in connecting people\u2019s information,\u201d said Hector Dominguez, the Open Data Coordinator with Portland\u2019s Smart City PDX.<\/p>\n

But there was pushback from industry groups, revealing just how widespread the technology has become. Tech giant Amazon lobbied the city for the first time ever<\/a> <\/span>because of the measure, spending $12,000. The Portland Business Alliance asked for carve-outs to the law for airlines, banks, hotels, retailers, concert venues, and amusement parks, while the Oregon Bankers Association asked for exceptions to allow the use of facial recognition to provide police evidence in robberies.<\/p>\n

The Portland ban does allow one exception: Businesses and agencies operating within the city may use facial recognition if they say they must do so to comply with federal, state, or local laws (such as Customs and Border Protection, operating at the airport). But businesses, ultimately, were included in the ban\u2014a move ban advocates say was necessary.<\/p>\n

\u201cIndustry often has more of an onus to surveil than police do in everyday circumstances,\u201d Lia Holland, an organizer in Portland with Fight for the Future, said. \u201cThe impunity to save that data forever, to match those faces to customer\u2019s faces, is something that police departments might not have the capacity to do in the same way that a company does.\u201d<\/p>\n

This article was <\/span>originally published on The Markup<\/a> and was republished under the <\/span>Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives<\/a> license<\/span>.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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