{"id":6344,"date":"2021-07-06T12:31:07","date_gmt":"2021-07-06T12:31:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/TheNextWeb=1359439"},"modified":"2021-07-06T12:31:07","modified_gmt":"2021-07-06T12:31:07","slug":"new-yorker-or-angeleno-your-tweets-reveal-which-city-you-belong-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/?p=6344","title":{"rendered":"New Yorker or Angeleno? Your tweets reveal which city you belong to"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The Big Apple versus The Big Orange. The City of Dreams versus The City of Angels. I\u2019m referring, of course, to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BwQPqpmiD88\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">ongoing rivalry<\/a> between New York City and Los Angeles. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=g8_mwyqbbXQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Hilarious \u201csurvey\u201d videos<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ekOPaKqPKsU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">talk shows<\/a> will give you one picture of the cities. My colleagues and I decided to take a more serious look at the differences between the cities, so we studied what everyone else was talking about \u2013 on Twitter.<\/p>\n<p>We set out to answer a simple research question: Are people who are located near each other likely to tweet about similar things? To do so, we analyzed<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42001-021-00129-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"> millions of GPS-enabled tweets<\/a> across New York City and LA. This type of study \u2013 looking at huge amounts of social media traffic by location \u2013 is useful for more than tracking pop culture memes in different cities. It could be valuable for understanding many aspects of urban life, including the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/p>\n<p>If we were considering the case of a single, small community that takes pride in local events, celebrities and culture, the answer to our research question would be a resounding \u201cyes.\u201d One challenge in comparing two large, international cities is the reality that <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=9IOtZgbaQyIC&amp;pg=PA35#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">globalization has led to unprecedented interaction<\/a> among multiple cultures and peoples, along with Starbucks and McDonald\u2019s seemingly in every city on the planet.<\/p>\n<p>For cities that are international but also take pride in their uniqueness, the key is teasing out the extent to which local qualities or global culture dominate tweeting behavior. We designed our methods to be precise enough to account for the fact that, contrary to the fun videos, New York City and LA are quite similar. Both have high housing costs, famous educational institutions, hospitals, museums and other cultural establishments, and residents who tend to vote Democratic.<\/p>\n<h2>Define \u2018close\u2019 and \u2018same\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Our study tackled two problems: There\u2019s no simple definition of \u201cclose together,\u201d and it\u2019s difficult to say whether two tweets are about the same topic. We combined several definitions of \u201cclose together,\u201d ranging from people located in the same city to the distance in miles between their coordinates, using <a href=\"https:\/\/www.igismap.com\/haversine-formula-calculate-geographic-distance-earth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">a common formula<\/a> from spatial sciences.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\" readability=\"4\">\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/408080\/original\/file-20210624-19-jo6ww5.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;rect=0%2C0%2C2524%2C1239&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"js-lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/408080\/original\/file-20210624-19-jo6ww5.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;rect=0%2C0%2C2524%2C1239&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Side-by-side maps of Los Angeles and New York City covered with bright blue blobs\" width=\"570\" height=\"280\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/408080\/original\/file-20210624-19-jo6ww5.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;rect=0%2C0%2C2524%2C1239&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Side-by-side maps of Los Angeles and New York City covered with bright blue blobs\" width=\"570\" height=\"280\"><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/new-york-la-tweets-reveal-which-city-belong-to-syndication#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Ftech%2F2021%2F07%2F06%2Fnew-york-la-tweets-reveal-which-city-belong-to-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Tweeting in Los Angeles (left) and New York City (right). Blue indicates density of tweets; the brighter the blue the greater the number of tweets. Minda Hu, CC BY-ND\" data-title=\"Share Tweeting in Los Angeles (left) and New York City (right). Blue indicates density of tweets; the brighter the blue the greater the number of tweets. Minda Hu, CC BY-ND on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Tweeting in Los Angeles (left) and New York City (right). Blue indicates density of tweets; the brighter the blue the greater the number of tweets. Minda Hu, CC BY-ND on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>Tweeting in Los Angeles (left) and New York City (right). Blue indicates density of tweets; the brighter the blue the greater the number of tweets. Minda Hu, CC BY-ND<\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption><span class=\"caption\"><\/span><\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>It\u2019s more difficult to determine whether two tweets are talking about similar things. Looking for common hashtags might suffice, but unfortunately many people do not use hashtags or use different hashtags when talking about the same thing. To overcome this problem, we used state-of-the-art <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaa8685\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">natural language processing<\/a> technology. Algorithms developed in this field read and interpret sentences in a manner similar to the way humans do, and they are able to deal with nuance.<\/p>\n<p>We used this technology to group tweets into clusters of topics. We then studied whether tweets falling inside the same cluster were also from people who were close together based on their GPS-enabled tweets. This allowed us to determine, for example, that clusters containing art-related words and phrases tended to arise more often in New York than LA.<\/p>\n<h2>Health and wealth versus art and representing<\/h2>\n<p>Even before we looked at who tweets about what, we found tweeting across New York City to be more evenly spread, while in LA, more tweeting happens in wealthier areas, including Calabasas \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.architecturaldigest.com\/story\/kim-kardashian-kanye-west-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">home to Kim Kardashian<\/a> \u2013 Palos Verdes, West Hollywood and the coastal areas.<\/p>\n<p>We also found that New Yorkers referred to themselves and their city far more often than Angelenos did. On a per capita basis, New Yorkers like to talk about art, while Angelenos like to talk about healthcare and hospitality.<\/p>\n<p>LA generates more tweets than New York throughout the day, despite having a smaller population, but from 8 p.m. to 5 a.m. local time, the two have comparable numbers of tweets. Tweeting in New York City rises sharply from 8 p.m. to a peak at 9 p.m., whereas tweeting in LA rises steadily from 2 p.m. to a peak at 7 p.m.<\/p>\n<h2>Computational social science<\/h2>\n<p>Our methods are a case study in the growing field of <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaz8170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">computational social science<\/a>, which aims to find insights in unique, often large, data sets using artificial intelligence models and algorithms. In contrast, traditional social science tends to rely on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/our-methods\/u-s-surveys\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">surveys and polls<\/a> to quantify public perception about an issue. Though surveys have some distinct statistical advantages, they can be expensive and time-consuming to use for collecting quality data with good response rates.<\/p>\n<p>For example, Gallup releases new survey data every few months and currently <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/marketplace\/pp\/prodview-uapupqnfizgci#offers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">charges US$30,000 for academic licenses<\/a>. Decades ago, researchers found that <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/269336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">monetary incentives increase response rates significantly<\/a>. Even today, online surveys are often accompanied by lottery-based promises of receiving an Amazon gift card. Researchers are working on <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bdr.2020.100145\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">combining the benefits of traditional and computational social science<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/usc-isi-i2.github.io\/ai-networks-society\/heatmap_la_time.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Zooming into our data<\/a>, we uncovered some fascinating trends that we hope future research will explore. We found, for example, that on a per capita basis, as crime increases, so do tweets, at least at the level of ZIP codes. Why do high-crime areas tweet more? We don\u2019t know yet, but the trend is consistent across both New York City and LA.<\/p>\n<h2>Tweeting, place and COVID-19<\/h2>\n<p>Studying tweeting behavior by location could also be useful for understanding disparate outcomes of large-scale events. For example, our twitter analysis could help shed light on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected people in different places.<\/p>\n<p>New York City was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/69\/wr\/mm6946a2.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">hit hard by COVID-19 early on<\/a>, showing that even major cities were affected in different ways by this terrible pandemic. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/california\/story\/2021-06-22\/covid19-case-rates-la-county\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">New reporting<\/a> is now showing that even within cities, socioeconomically disadvantaged communities were disproportionately burdened.<\/p>\n<p>Recently, we released <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/data6060064\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">a Twitter data set<\/a> covering 10 of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States to further study such disparities using computational social science. We are already using our methods across all of these cities to better understand how COVID-19 has affected certain groups, and the levels of expressed vaccine hesitancy among these groups.<\/p>\n<p>Eventually, we hope to use our methods with a large set of international metropolises to study urban behavior.<!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><em>Article by <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/mayank-kejriwal-1213029\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Mayank Kejriwal<\/a>, Research Assistant Professor of Industrial &amp; Systems Engineering, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-southern-california-1265\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">University of Southern California<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/new-york-city-or-los-angeles-where-you-live-says-a-lot-about-what-and-when-you-tweet-162912\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/new-york-la-tweets-reveal-which-city-belong-to-syndication\">Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Big Apple versus The Big Orange. The City of Dreams versus The City of Angels. I\u2019m referring, of course, to the ongoing rivalry between New York City and Los Angeles. Hilarious&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6345,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6344"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6344"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6344\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6345"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6344"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}