{"id":8340,"date":"2021-10-13T11:57:21","date_gmt":"2021-10-13T11:57:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/TheNextWeb=1369756"},"modified":"2021-10-13T11:57:21","modified_gmt":"2021-10-13T11:57:21","slug":"this-ultra-powerful-space-telescope-will-unveil-the-dark-ages-of-the-universe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/?p=8340","title":{"rendered":"This ultra-powerful space telescope will unveil the \u2018Dark Ages\u2019 of the universe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Some have called NASA\u2019s James Webb Space Telescope the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/4671028a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">telescope that ate astronomy<\/a>.\u201d It is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jwst.nasa.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">most powerful space telescope<\/a> ever built and a complex piece of mechanical origami that has pushed the limits of human engineering. On Dec. 18, 2021, after years of delays and billions of dollars in cost overruns, the telescope is <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/james-webb-space-telescope-an-astronomer-on-the-team-explains-how-to-send-a-giant-telescope-to-space-and-why-167516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">scheduled to launch into orbit<\/a> and usher in the next era of astronomy.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019m an <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=OrRLRQ4AAAAJ&amp;hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">astronomer<\/a> with a specialty in observational cosmology \u2013 I\u2019ve been studying distant galaxies for 30 years. Some of the biggest unanswered questions about the universe relate to its early years just after the Big Bang. When did the first stars and galaxies form? Which came first, and why? I am incredibly excited that astronomers may soon uncover the story of how galaxies started because James Webb was built specifically to answer these very questions.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\" readability=\"2.4444444444444\">\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"A graphic showing the progression of the Universe through time.\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" class=\"js-lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"A graphic showing the progression of the Universe through time.\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" class srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425594\/original\/file-20211010-23-1ff1ae6.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=424&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/powerful-james-webb-telescope-unveil-dark-ages-universe-syndication#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Fspace%2F2021%2F10%2F13%2Fpowerful-james-webb-telescope-unveil-dark-ages-universe-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: The Universe went through a period of time known as the Dark Ages before stars or galaxies emitted any light. Space Telescope Institute\" data-title=\"Share The Universe went through a period of time known as the Dark Ages before stars or galaxies emitted any light. Space Telescope Institute on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share The Universe went through a period of time known as the Dark Ages before stars or galaxies emitted any light. Space Telescope Institute on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>The Universe went through a period of time known as the Dark Ages before stars or galaxies emitted any light. <a href=\"https:\/\/webbtelescope.org\/contents\/media\/images\/4352-Image\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Space Telescope Institute<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption><span class=\"caption\"><\/span><\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<h2>The \u2018Dark Ages\u2019 of the universe<\/h2>\n<p>Excellent evidence shows that the universe started with an event called the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/40370-why-should-we-believe-big-bang.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Big Bang<\/a> 13.8 billion years ago, which left it in an ultra-hot, ultra-dense state. The universe immediately began expanding after the Big Bang, cooling as it did so. One second after the Big Bang, the universe was a hundred trillion miles across with an average temperature of an incredible 18 billion F (10 billion C). Around 400,000 years after the Big Bang, the universe was 10 million light years across and the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.astro.ucla.edu\/%7Ewright\/BBhistory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">temperature had cooled<\/a> to 5,500 F (3,000 C). If anyone had been there to see it at this point, the universe would have been glowing dull red like a giant heat lamp.<\/p>\n<p>Throughout this time, space was filled with a smooth soup of high energy particles, radiation, hydrogen, and helium. There was no structure. As the expanding universe became bigger and colder, the soup thinned out and everything faded to black. This was the start of what astronomers call the <a href=\"https:\/\/astronomy.com\/magazine\/news\/2021\/01\/the-beginning-to-the-end-of-the-universe-the-cosmic-dark-ages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Dark Ages<\/a> of the universe.<\/p>\n<p>The soup of the Dark Ages was <a href=\"https:\/\/wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov\/universe\/bb_cosmo_fluct.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">not perfectly uniform<\/a> and due to gravity, tiny areas of gas began to clump together and become more dense. The smooth universe became lumpy and these small clumps of denser gas were seeds for the eventual formation of stars, galaxies and everything else in the universe.<\/p>\n<p>Although there was nothing to see, the Dark Ages were an important phase in the evolution of the universe.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\" readability=\"2.2546583850932\">\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"A diagram showing different wavelengths of light compared to size of normal objects.\" width=\"600\" height=\"236\" class=\"js-lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=236&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=236&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=236&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=296&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=296&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=296&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"A diagram showing different wavelengths of light compared to size of normal objects.\" width=\"600\" height=\"236\" class srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=236&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=236&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=236&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=296&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=296&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425792\/original\/file-20211011-17-126iwpp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=296&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/powerful-james-webb-telescope-unveil-dark-ages-universe-syndication#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Fspace%2F2021%2F10%2F13%2Fpowerful-james-webb-telescope-unveil-dark-ages-universe-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Light from the early universe is in the infrared wavelength \u2013 meaning longer than red light \u2013 when it reaches Earth. Inductiveload\/NASA via Wikimedia Commons\" data-title=\"Share Light from the early universe is in the infrared wavelength \u2013 meaning longer than red light \u2013 when it reaches Earth. Inductiveload\/NASA via Wikimedia Commons on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Light from the early universe is in the infrared wavelength \u2013 meaning longer than red light \u2013 when it reaches Earth. Inductiveload\/NASA via Wikimedia Commons on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>Light from the early universe is in the infrared wavelength \u2013 meaning longer than red light \u2013 when it reaches Earth. <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:EM_Spectrum_Properties_edit.svg#\/media\/File:EM_Spectrum_Properties_edit.svg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Inductiveload\/NASA via Wikimedia Commons<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption><span class=\"caption\"><\/span><\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<h2>Looking for the first light<\/h2>\n<p>The Dark Ages ended when gravity formed the first stars and galaxies that eventually began to emit the first light. Although astronomers don\u2019t know when first light happened, the best guess is that it was <a href=\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/space\/cosmic-dark-ages-lyman-alpha-galaxies-lager\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">several hundred million years<\/a> after the Big Bang. Astronomers also don\u2019t know whether stars or galaxies formed first.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/astronomy.com\/magazine\/greatest-mysteries\/2019\/07\/20-did-stars-galaxies-or-black-holes-come-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Current theories<\/a> based on how gravity forms structure in a universe dominated by dark matter suggest that small objects \u2013 like stars and star clusters \u2013 likely formed first and then later grew into dwarf galaxies and then larger galaxies like the Milky Way. These first stars in the universe were extreme objects compared to stars of today. They were <a href=\"https:\/\/webbtelescope.org\/resource-gallery\/articles\/pagecontent\/filter-articles\/what-were-the-first-stars-like?filterUUID=a776e097-0c60-421c-baec-1d8ad049bfb0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">a million times brighter<\/a> but they lived very short lives. They burned hot and bright and when they died, they left behind <a href=\"https:\/\/astronomy.com\/magazine\/greatest-mysteries\/2019\/07\/20-did-stars-galaxies-or-black-holes-come-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">black holes<\/a> up to a hundred times the Sun\u2019s mass, which might have <a href=\"https:\/\/astronomynow.com\/2020\/03\/24\/how-to-seed-supermassive-black-holes-in-the-early-universe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">acted as the seeds for galaxy formation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Astronomers would love to study this fascinating and important era of the universe, but detecting first light is incredibly challenging. Compared to massive, bright galaxies of today, the first objects were very small and due to the constant expansion of the universe, they\u2019re now tens of billions of light years away from Earth. Also, the earliest stars were surrounded by gas left over from their formation and this gas acted like fog that absorbed most of the light. It took several hundred million years for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/how-the-cosmic-dark-ages-snuffed-out-all-light-20200302\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">radiation to blast away the fog<\/a>. This early light is very faint by the time it gets to Earth.<\/p>\n<p>But this is not the only challenge.<\/p>\n<p>As the universe expands, it continuously stretches the wavelength of light traveling through it. This is called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Science_Exploration\/Space_Science\/What_is_red_shift#:%7E:text=Ever%20since%201929%2C%20when%20Edwin,is%20'red%2Dshifted\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">redshift<\/a> because it shifts light of shorter wavelengths \u2013 like blue or white light \u2013 to longer wavelengths like red or infrared light. Though not a perfect analogy, it is similar to how when a car drives past you, the pitch of any sounds it is making drops noticeably.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8WgSQlRymwE&amp;t\" height=\"240\" width=\"320\" allowfullscreen frameborder=\"0\">[embedded content]<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><!--resp-video-container--><\/p>\n<figure><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Similar to how a pitch of a sound drops if the source is moving away from you, the wavelength of light stretches due to the expansion of the universe.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>By the time light emitted by an early star or galaxy 13 billion years ago reaches any telescope on Earth, it has been stretched by a factor of 10 by the expansion of the universe. It arrives as infrared light, meaning it has a wavelength longer than that of red light. To see first light, you have to be looking for infrared light.<\/p>\n<h2>Telescope as a time machine<\/h2>\n<p>Enter the James Webb Space Telescope.<\/p>\n<p>Telescopes are like time machines. If an object is 10,000 light-years away, that means the light takes 10,000 years to reach Earth. So the further out in space astronomers look, the <a href=\"https:\/\/astronomy.swin.edu.au\/cosmos\/l\/lookback+time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">further back in time we are looking<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\" readability=\"2.6\">\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"A large golden colored disc with a sensor in the middle and scientists standing below.\" width=\"600\" height=\"393\" class=\"js-lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=393&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=393&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=393&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=493&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=493&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=493&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"A large golden colored disc with a sensor in the middle and scientists standing below.\" width=\"600\" height=\"393\" class srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=393&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=393&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=393&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=493&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=493&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/425798\/original\/file-20211011-25-fi5m9g.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=493&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/powerful-james-webb-telescope-unveil-dark-ages-universe-syndication#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Fspace%2F2021%2F10%2F13%2Fpowerful-james-webb-telescope-unveil-dark-ages-universe-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: The James Webb Space Telescope was specifically designed to detect the oldest galaxies in the universe. NASA\/JPL-Caltech\" data-title=\"Share The James Webb Space Telescope was specifically designed to detect the oldest galaxies in the universe. NASA\/JPL-Caltech on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share The James Webb Space Telescope was specifically designed to detect the oldest galaxies in the universe. NASA\/JPL-Caltech on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>The James Webb Space Telescope was specifically designed to detect the oldest galaxies in the universe. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/webb\/images\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Engineers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jwst.nasa.gov\/content\/science\/firstLight.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">optimized James Webb<\/a> for specifically detecting the faint infrared light of the earliest stars or galaxies. Compared to the Hubble Space Telescope, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jwst.nasa.gov\/content\/about\/comparisonWebbVsHubble.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">James Webb has a 15 times wider field of view on its camera<\/a>, collects six times more light and its sensors are tuned to be most sensitive to infrared light.<\/p>\n<p>The strategy will be to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/feature\/goddard\/2021\/mapping-the-universes-earliest-structures-with-cosmos-webb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">stare deeply at one patch of sky for a long time<\/a>, collecting as much light and information from the most distant and oldest galaxies as possible. With this data, it may be possible to answer when and how the Dark Ages ended, but there are many other important discoveries to be made. For example, unraveling this story may also <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mnras\/stz1924\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">help explain the nature of dark matter<\/a>, the mysterious form of matter that makes up about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/20930-dark-matter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">80% of the mass of the universe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>James Webb is the <a href=\"https:\/\/futurism.com\/james-webb-telescope-budget-delay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">most technically difficult mission<\/a> NASA has ever attempted. But I think the scientific questions it may help answer will be worth every ounce of effort. I and other astronomers are waiting excitedly for the data to start coming back sometime in 2022.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/169603\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"js-lazy\"><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/169603\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>Article by <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/chris-impey-536311\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Chris Impey<\/a>, University Distinguished Professor of Astronomy, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-arizona-959\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">University of Arizona<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-most-powerful-space-telescope-ever-built-will-look-back-in-time-to-the-dark-ages-of-the-universe-169603\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/powerful-james-webb-telescope-unveil-dark-ages-universe-syndication\">Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some have called NASA\u2019s James Webb Space Telescope the \u201ctelescope that ate astronomy.\u201d It is the most powerful space telescope ever built and a complex piece of mechanical origami that has pushed&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8341,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8340"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8340"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8340\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8340"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}