{"id":8573,"date":"2021-10-25T10:24:33","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T10:24:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/TheNextWeb=1370990"},"modified":"2021-10-25T10:24:33","modified_gmt":"2021-10-25T10:24:33","slug":"ethereums-upgrade-is-finally-coming-will-it-overtake-bitcoin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/?p=8573","title":{"rendered":"Ethereum\u2019s upgrade is finally coming \u2014 will it overtake Bitcoin?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The world\u2019s second most valuable cryptocurrency, ether, has been touching all-time highs in price ahead of a major upgrade of its underlying platform, ethereum. Ether is currently worth in aggregate just shy of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coingecko.com\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">US$500 billion (\u00a3363 billion)<\/a>. That\u2019s still slightly less than half that of the biggest cryptocurrency, bitcoin.<\/p>\n<p>But could this upgrade, a vital step towards a much greener and faster version of the current system, put ethereum on the path to becoming the dominant platform on the internet and make ether number one?<\/p>\n<p>First of all, it\u2019s important to understand the difference between bitcoin and ethereum. Bitcoin is a system for allowing people to send value between one another without the need for banks. It is built on a technology known as blockchains, which are online ledgers whose transactions are checked and recorded by a decentralized network of computers known as validators.<\/p>\n<p>These validators are incentivized for their work by receiving newly minted bitcoin as rewards, in what is known as \u201cmining\u201d. To make this more attractive, bitcoin is relatively scarce: only around 18 million coins are in existence and the protocol is such that there can never be more than 21 million.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ether vs bitcoin by total value (market cap)<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"Graph showing market cap of bitcoin and ether\" class=\"js-lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=346&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=346&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=346&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=435&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=435&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=435&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Graph showing market cap of bitcoin and ether\" class srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=346&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=346&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=346&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=435&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=435&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428032\/original\/file-20211022-21-r26czi.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=435&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Key: bitcoin = orange, ether = blue. <\/span><span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Trading View<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ether works in a similar way to bitcoin, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ethereum-what-is-it-and-why-has-the-price-gone-parabolic-153733\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">but ethereum<\/a> is different. It is a <a href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/developers\/docs\/evm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">worldwide software platform<\/a> with no host, on which developers are building thousands of blockchain-based applications.<\/p>\n<p>This means these applications can all run without being controlled by a company. Examples include <a href=\"https:\/\/uniswap.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">cryptocurrency exchanges<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/etherisc.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">insurance systems<\/a>, and new <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/axie-infinity-online-games-where-people-earn-as-they-play-are-transforming-gaming-164881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">kinds of gaming<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>At the heart of the platform is the idea of smart contracts, which are automated agreements that ensure that money and assets change hands when certain conditions have been fulfilled. All transactions on the platform ultimately use ether, and the success of the platform is why ether has been the second-largest cryptocurrency after bitcoin for the past few years. The fact that ether fuels the platform \u2013 even being referred to as <a href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/developers\/docs\/gas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">gas fees<\/a> \u2013 gives it a utility and an intrinsic value that bitcoin does not have.<\/p>\n<h2>Why ethereum 2.0<\/h2>\n<p>Ethereum has several major problems, however. The first is that gas fees have <a href=\"https:\/\/hackernoon.com\/high-gas-fees-for-on-chain-transactions-can-we-fix-it-in-time-516v37w0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">become very expensive<\/a> in the last couple of years because the network has become so popular and is therefore very congested.<\/p>\n<p>Validators prioritize users who are willing to pay the highest fees for their transactions. For example, the average transaction at the time of writing on crypto exchange Uniswap costs <a href=\"https:\/\/crypto.com\/defi\/dashboard\/gas-fees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">around US$44<\/a> in gas fees.<\/p>\n<p>Bitcoin has comparable issues with congestion, which its developers are trying to solve by building applications like <a href=\"https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/bitcoin-for-beginners\/what-is-the-lightning-network-in-bitcoin-and-how-does-it-work\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Lightning<\/a> on top which boast faster transaction speeds.<\/p>\n<p>The second problem for ethereum is that, as it has become more popular, the amount of computational power used by validators has rocketed. It\u2019s the same problem that has brought a lot of <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/bitcoin-what-elon-musks-u-turn-on-tesla-payments-means-for-future-of-crypto-160891\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">negative publicity<\/a> to bitcoin because it uses a lot of electricity.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cbeci.org\/index\/comparisons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Bitcoin is currently<\/a> using as much power as the whole of the Philippines, although its supporters <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lynalden.com\/bitcoin-energy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">argue that<\/a> much of this is power that would otherwise be wasted \u2013 for example, oil rigs burning off natural gas because it\u2019s not profitable to sell it. Proponents also point out that the network is shifting towards using much more renewable power over time.<\/p>\n<p>At any rate, the eventual creation of an ethereum 2.0 will solve these problems by moving the platform\u2019s system of validation from \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/developers\/docs\/consensus-mechanisms\/pow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">proof of work<\/a>\u201d to \u201cproof of stake\u201d. Without getting into <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bitdegree.org\/crypto\/tutorials\/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">too many details<\/a>, proof of work is a protocol in which validators all attempt to solve complex equations to prove that each proposed transaction is valid. With proof of stake, there\u2019s no need for all validators to do this power-hungry work, because the system chooses one at random to confirm each transaction.<\/p>\n<p>Many in the bitcoin community <a href=\"https:\/\/www.etherean.org\/blockchain\/consensus\/2020\/06\/27\/why-i-dislike-proof-of-stake.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">are against<\/a> proof of stake because it gives the most power to the biggest validators, potentially allowing them to corrupt the system of validation if they can get control of more than half of the network. Ethereum supporters counter that proof of stake has checks and balances built in that would prevent this from happening.<\/p>\n<p>Either way, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bitreporter.com\/ethereum-news\/ethereum-2-0-expected-to-consume-99-9-less-electricity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">ethereum 2.0 promises<\/a> to reduce the platform\u2019s power consumption by 99.9%, making it far more sustainable. It should also solve the problem with gas fees by raising the platform\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestreet.com\/crypto\/ethereum\/ethereum-2-upgrade-what-you-need-to-know#:%7E:text=Ethereum%202.0%20will%20implement%20a,transactions%20per%20second%20or%20more.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">processing ability<\/a> from 30 transactions a second to potentially 100,000, as well as making possible <a href=\"https:\/\/auth0.com\/blog\/101-smart-contracts-and-decentralized-apps-in-ethereum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">more sophisticated<\/a> smart contracts than before.<\/p>\n<h2>How it\u2019s going<\/h2>\n<p>The transition to ethereum 2.0 has been a slow one, riddled with technical issues that have dragged on <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.ethereum.org\/2019\/08\/20\/translating-ethereum-for-our-global-community\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">for over two years<\/a>. For the past few months, the new proof-of-stake blockchain has been running in a test format in parallel with the existing system, allowing the developers to prepare it for a merger in 2022.<\/p>\n<p>The forthcoming upgrade is essentially a warm up for this merger. Known as <a href=\"https:\/\/uk.finance.yahoo.com\/news\/valid-points-eth-2-0-113000295.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Altair<\/a>, it introduces numerous technical changes that are designed to keep validators honest and make the system more decentralized. Assuming this goes ahead as planned, all eyes will be on the merger, and then later another change known as \u201csharding\u201d which will greatly increase the system\u2019s processing capability.<\/p>\n<p>Certainly, the price of ether has been strong ahead of the Altair upgrade. The recent surge in bitcoin to all-time highs has been helping to lift the entire crypto market. But some of the price movement in ether probably reflects people betting that the upgrade will succeed, while the rest is from speculators switching from bitcoin, and new money moving into the space.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ether vs the \u2018eth killers\u2019 by total value<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"Graph showing market cap of ether and the eth killers\" class=\"js-lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=425&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=425&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=425&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Graph showing market cap of ether and the eth killers\" class srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=338&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=425&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=425&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/428035\/original\/file-20211022-9474-ebg9cy.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=425&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">SOL = solana (green), DOT = polkadot (yellow), ADA = cardano (orange). <\/span><span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Trading View<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In the run-up to the merger of ethereum\u2019s two blockchains, it will be interesting to see how all this affects ether\u2019s price in relation to the so-called \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/forkast.news\/what-are-ethereum-killers-prospects-with-eth2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">eth killers<\/a>\u201d. These are rival platforms like Cardano and Solana that have been very popular in recent months partly due to ethereum\u2019s problems with fees.<\/p>\n<p>But ultimately the question is what it will mean for bitcoin. Bitcoiners will continue to argue that their protocol is more decentralized than proof of stake, and they have the advantage of being the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/bitcoin-why-its-value-has-rocketed-once-again-170396\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">crypto brand<\/a> that investors are most comfortable risking their money with.<\/p>\n<p>The question is whether these advantages are outweighed by ethereum 2.0\u2019s greener credentials and the fact that it can handle more transactions. Bitcoin is currently worth about double ether, but talk comes and goes about a \u201cflippening\u201d where ether overtakes it. Could it happen in 2022? With bitcoin\u2019s hegemony at stake, it will be fascinating to find out.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/170316\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"js-lazy\"><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/170316\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>Article by <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/daniel-broby-1151697\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Daniel Broby<\/a>, Director, Centre for Financial Regulation and Innovation, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-strathclyde-1287\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">University of Strathclyde <\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/ethereum-the-transformation-that-could-see-it-overtake-bitcoin-170316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/ethereums-upgrade-overtake-bitcoin-syndication\">Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The world\u2019s second most valuable cryptocurrency, ether, has been touching all-time highs in price ahead of a major upgrade of its underlying platform, ethereum. Ether is currently worth in aggregate just shy&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8574,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8573"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8573"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8573\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8573"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}