{"id":866,"date":"2020-11-03T13:36:52","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T13:36:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/?p=1326615"},"modified":"2020-11-03T13:36:52","modified_gmt":"2020-11-03T13:36:52","slug":"facebook-and-twitter-tried-to-stop-voter-intimidation-and-they-failed-miserably","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/?p=866","title":{"rendered":"Facebook and Twitter tried to stop voter intimidation\u2026 and they failed miserably"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Neither disinformation nor voter intimidation is anything new. But tools developed by leading tech companies including Twitter, Facebook, and Google now allow these tactics to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/opinion\/2020\/10\/27\/voter-intimidation-surging-2020-protect-minority-voters-column\/6043955002\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">scale up<\/a> dramatically.<\/p>\n<p>As a scholar of <a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/cf_dev\/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=1195469\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">cybersecurity<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Passcode\/Passcode-Voices\/2016\/0729\/Opinion-How-to-make-democracy-harder-to-hack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">election security<\/a>, I have <a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3548670\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">argued<\/a> that these firms must do more to rein in disinformation, digital repression, and voter suppression on their platforms, including by treating these issues as a matter of <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/notpetya-ransomware-attack-shows-corporate-social-responsibility-should-include-cybersecurity-79810\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">corporate social responsibility<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Earlier this fall, Twitter announced <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/tech\/tech-news\/twitter-launches-pre-bunks-get-ahead-voting-misinformation-n1244777?mc_cid=a06a29e8a5&amp;mc_eid=5953720dd6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">new measures to tackle disinformation<\/a>, including false claims about the risks of voting by mail. Facebook has likewise vowed to crack down on disinformation and voter intimidation on its platform, including by removing posts that encourage people to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/10\/07\/921287946\/facebook-vows-to-crack-down-on-voter-intimidation-in-election\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">monitor polling places<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Google has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2020\/10\/20\/proud-boys-emails-florida\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">dropped the Proud Boys domain<\/a> that Iran allegedly used to send messages to some 25,000 registered Democrats that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/google-voter-intimidation-emails-iran-proud-boys-john-ratcliffe-election-2020-10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">threatened them<\/a> if they did not change parties and vote for Trump.<\/p>\n<p>But such <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/companies-self-regulation-doesnt-have-to-be-bad-for-the-public-117565\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">self-regulation<\/a>, while helpful, can go only so far. The time has come for the U.S. to learn from the experiences of other nations and hold tech firms accountable for ensuring that their platforms are not misused to undermine the country\u2019s democratic foundations.<\/p>\n<p><em>[Read: <span class=\"c-message_attachment__title\"><a class=\"c-link c-message_attachment__title_link\" href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/world\/2020\/08\/11\/4-ridiculously-easy-ways-you-can-be-more-eco-friendly\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-qa=\"message_attachment_title_link\"><span dir=\"auto\">4 ridiculously easy ways you can be more eco-friendly<\/span><\/a>]<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Voter intimidation<\/h2>\n<p>On Oct. 20, registered Democrats in Florida, a crucial swing state, and Alaska began receiving emails purportedly from the far-right group Proud Boys. The messages were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/google-voter-intimidation-emails-iran-proud-boys-john-ratcliffe-election-2020-10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">filled with threats<\/a> up to and including violent reprisals if the receiver did not vote for President Trump and change their party affiliation to Republican.<\/p>\n<p>Less than 24 hours later, on Oct. 21, U.S. Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe and FBI Director Christopher Wray gave a briefing in which they <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cyberscoop.com\/ratcliffe-fbi-iran-proud-boys-voting-email\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">publicly attributed<\/a> this attempt at voter intimidation to Iran. This verdict was later <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/google-voter-intimidation-emails-iran-proud-boys-john-ratcliffe-election-2020-10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">corroborated<\/a> by Google, which has also claimed that more than 90% of these messages were blocked by spam filters.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2020\/10\/20\/proud-boys-emails-florida\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">rapid timing<\/a> of the attribution was reportedly the result of the foreign nature of the threat and the fact that it was coming so close to Election Day. But it is important to note that this is just the latest example of such voter intimidation. Other recent incidents include a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/opinion\/2020\/10\/27\/voter-intimidation-surging-2020-protect-minority-voters-column\/6043955002\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">robo-call scheme<\/a> targeting largely African American cities such as Detroit and Cleveland.<\/p>\n<p>It remains unclear how many of these messages actually reached voters and how in turn these threats changed voter behavior. There is some evidence that <a href=\"https:\/\/nymag.com\/intelligencer\/2020\/10\/is-republican-voter-suppression-starting-to-backfire.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">such tactics can backfire<\/a> and lead to higher turnout rates in the targeted population.<\/p>\n<h2>Disinformation on social media<\/h2>\n<p>Effective disinformation campaigns typically have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/business\/consumer\/factory-lies-russia-s-disinformation-playbook-exposed-n910316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">three components<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A state-sponsored news outlet to originate the fabrication<\/li>\n<li>Alternative media sources willing to spread the disinformation without adequately checking the underlying facts<\/li>\n<li>Witting or unwitting \u201cagents of influence:\u201d that is, people to advance the story in other outlets<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\" readability=\"3.4117647058824\">\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366798\/original\/file-20201030-18-5oke3a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366798\/original\/file-20201030-18-5oke3a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"Pages from the U.S. State Department's Global Engagement Center report released on Aug. 5, 2020\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\" lazy\" data-lazy=\"true\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366798\/original\/file-20201030-18-5oke3a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366798\/original\/file-20201030-18-5oke3a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366798\/original\/file-20201030-18-5oke3a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366798\/original\/file-20201030-18-5oke3a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366798\/original\/file-20201030-18-5oke3a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/366798\/original\/file-20201030-18-5oke3a.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/syndication\/2020\/11\/03\/facebook-and-twitter-tried-to-stop-voter-intimidation-and-they-failed-miserably\/#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthenextweb.com%2Fsyndication%2F2020%2F11%2F03%2Ffacebook-and-twitter-tried-to-stop-voter-intimidation-and-they-failed-miserably%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Russia is using a well-developed online operation to spread disinformation, according to the U.S. State Department. AP Photo\/Jon Elswick\" data-title=\"Share Russia is using a well-developed online operation to spread disinformation, according to the U.S. State Department. AP Photo\/Jon Elswick on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Russia is using a well-developed online operation to spread disinformation, according to the U.S. State Department. AP Photo\/Jon Elswick on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>Russia is using a well-developed online operation to spread disinformation, according to the U.S. State Department. <a href=\"https:\/\/newsroom.ap.org\/detail\/RussianDisinformation\/32b868d4d7464a819b55315107e7cce3\/photo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">AP Photo\/Jon Elswick<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>The advent of cyberspace has put the disinformation process into overdrive, both speeding the viral spread of stories across national boundaries and platforms with ease and causing a proliferation in the types of traditional and social media willing to run with fake stories.<\/p>\n<p>To date, the major social media firms have taken a largely piecemeal and fractured approach to manage this complex issue. Twitter announced a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/10\/30\/technology\/twitter-political-ads-ban.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">ban on political ads<\/a> during the 2020 U.S. election season, in part over concerns about enabling the spread of misinformation. Facebook opted for a more <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/10\/27\/928120956\/facebook-stops-new-political-ads-to-try-to-limit-misinformation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">limited ban on new political ads<\/a> one week before the election.<\/p>\n<p>The U.S. has no equivalent of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/05\/06\/frances-election-laws-mean-near-silence-on-massive-campaign-hack.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">French law<\/a> barring any influencing speech on the day before an election.<\/p>\n<h2>Effects and constraints<\/h2>\n<p>The impacts of these efforts have been muted, in part due to the prevalence of <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-06930-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">social bots<\/a> that spread low-credibility information virally across these platforms. No comprehensive data exists on the total amount of disinformation or how it is affecting users.<\/p>\n<p>Some recent studies do shed light, though. For example, one <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aau2706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">2019 study<\/a> found that a very small number of Twitter users accounted for the vast majority of exposure to disinformation.<\/p>\n<p>Tech platforms are constrained from doing more by several forces. These include fear of perceived <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2020\/09\/26\/facebook-conservatives-2020-421146\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">political bias<\/a> and a strong belief among many, including Mark Zuckerberg, in a robust interpretation of <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/c3291531831d19ff0eaf8d91aa1415a0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">free speech<\/a>. A related concern of the platform companies is that the more they\u2019re perceived as media gatekeepers, the more likely they will be to face new regulation.<\/p>\n<p>The platform companies are also limited by the technologies and procedures they use to combat disinformation and voter intimidation. For example, Facebook staff reportedly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2020\/oct\/30\/facebook-leak-reveals-policies-restricting-new-york-post-biden-story\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">had to manually intervene<\/a> to limit the spread of a New York Post article about Hunter Biden\u2019s laptop computer that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/new-york-post-hunter-joe-biden-giuliani-red-flags-disinformation-2020-10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">could be part of a disinformation campaign<\/a>. This highlights how the platform companies are playing catch-up in countering disinformation and need to devote more resources to the effort.<\/p>\n<h2>Regulatory options<\/h2>\n<p>There is a growing bipartisan consensus that more must be done to rein in social media excesses and to better manage the dual issues of voter intimidation and disinformation. In recent weeks, we have already seen the U.S. Department of Justice open a new <a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/business\/story\/2020-10-25\/google-lawsuit-antitrust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">antitrust case<\/a> against Google, which, although it is unrelated to disinformation, can be understood as part of a larger campaign to regulate these behemoths.<\/p>\n<p>Another tool at the U.S. government\u2019s disposal is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2020\/09\/09\/1008223\/section-230-internet-law-policy-social-media-misinformation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">revising<\/a>, or even revoking, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-law-that-made-facebook-what-it-is-today-93931\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Section 230<\/a> of the 1990s-era Communications Decency Act. This law was designed to protect tech firms as they developed from liability for the content that users post to their sites. Many, including former Vice President Joe Biden, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2020\/09\/09\/1008223\/section-230-internet-law-policy-social-media-misinformation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">argue that it has outlived its usefulness<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Another option to consider is learning from the EU\u2019s approach. In 2018, the European Commission was successful in getting tech firms to adopt the \u201cCode of Practice on Disinformation,\u201d which committed these companies to boost \u201ctransparency around political and issue-based advertising.\u201d However, these measures to fight disinformation, and the related EU\u2019s Rapid Alert System, have so far not been able to stem the tide of these threats.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, there are growing calls to pass a host of reforms to ensure that the platforms publicize accurate information, protect sources of accurate information through enhanced cybersecurity requirements, and monitor disinformation more effectively. Tech firms, in particular, could be doing more to make it easier to report disinformation, contact users who have interacted with such content with a warning, and take down false information about voting, as Facebook and Twitter have begun to do.<\/p>\n<p>Such steps are just the beginning. Everyone has a role in making democracy harder to hack, but the tech platforms that have done so much to contribute to this problem have an outsized duty to address it.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/148771\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\" lazy\" data-lazy=\"true\"><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><em>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/scott-shackelford-335009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Scott Shackelford<\/a>, Associate Professor of Business Law and Ethics; Executive Director, Ostrom Workshop; Cybersecurity Program Chair, IU-Bloomington, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/indiana-university-1368\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Indiana University<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-tech-firms-have-tried-to-stop-disinformation-and-voter-intimidation-and-come-up-short-148771\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/syndication\/2020\/11\/03\/facebook-and-twitter-tried-to-stop-voter-intimidation-and-they-failed-miserably\/\">Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Neither disinformation nor voter intimidation is anything new. But tools developed by leading tech companies including Twitter, Facebook, and Google now allow these tactics to scale up dramatically. As a scholar of&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":867,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/866"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=866"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/866\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}