{"id":8751,"date":"2021-11-03T16:24:44","date_gmt":"2021-11-03T16:24:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/TheNextWeb=1371988"},"modified":"2021-11-03T16:24:44","modified_gmt":"2021-11-03T16:24:44","slug":"stop-using-rainbow-maps-it-doesnt-do-your-data-justice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/?p=8751","title":{"rendered":"Stop using \u2018rainbow\u2019 maps \u2014 it doesn\u2019t do your data justice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The choice of color to represent information in scientific images is a fundamental part of communicating findings. However, a number of color palettes that are widely used to display critical scientific results are not only dangerously misleading, but also unreadable to a proportion of the population.<\/p>\n<p>For decades, scientists have been pushing for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climate-lab-book.ac.uk\/2014\/end-of-the-rainbow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">a lasting change to remove such palettes from public consumption<\/a>, but the battle over universal accessibility in science communication rages on.<\/p>\n<p>A color map is a palette of multiple different colors that assign values to regions on a plot. An example of a misleading color map is <em>rainbow<\/em>, which generally starts with blue for low values, then passing through cyan, green, yellow, orange, and finally red for high values. This color combination is neither diverging, which would allow us to visually perceive a central value, nor sequential, which would make organizing values from low to high intuitive.<\/p>\n<h2>Color brings life to data<\/h2>\n<p>Using color bar graphs can allow scientists to transform their collected data into something meaningful to be shared widely. This could be the first direct impression of a <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/first-black-hole-photo-confirms-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-115167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">black hole<\/a>, the mapping of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2014\/11\/04\/upshot\/senate-maps.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">votes cast in political elections<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2000JE001426\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">planning of an expensive rover route on Martian topography<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/519291d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">essential communication of climate change<\/a> or the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tvcg.2011.192\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">critical diagnosis of heart disease<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"a map the surface of mars that uses rainbow colours\" width=\"600\" height=\"270\" class=\"js-lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=270&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=270&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=270&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=340&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=340&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=340&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"a map the surface of mars that uses rainbow colours\" width=\"600\" height=\"270\" class srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=270&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=270&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=270&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=340&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=340&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421205\/original\/file-20210914-21-1yesiu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=340&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/stop-using-rainbow-maps-doesnt-do-data-justice-syndication#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Fscience%2F2021%2F11%2F03%2Fstop-using-rainbow-maps-doesnt-do-data-justice-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Martian surface topography represented with rainbow colour bar. NASA\" data-title=\"Share Martian surface topography represented with rainbow colour bar. NASA on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Martian surface topography represented with rainbow colour bar. NASA on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>Martian surface topography represented with rainbow colour bar. <a href=\"https:\/\/attic.gsfc.nasa.gov\/mola\/images.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">NASA<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<figcaption><span class=\"caption\"><\/span><\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Despite the clear importance of color, scientists often choose the default palette setting of the visualization software that is being used.<\/p>\n<h2>Distorted data<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app9204228\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><em>Rainbow<\/em> \u2014 or <em>jet<\/em> \u2014 color palettes<\/a> are often the default setting on software, but the beautiful sweep of blue to red is misleading when displaying scientific data.<\/p>\n<p>Fundamentally, the change between the colors in the palette is not smooth. For example, the change between blue and green and then between yellow and red occurs over a short distance. <em>Vik<\/em> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fabiocrameri.ch\/batlow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><em>batlow<\/em><\/a>, are examples of even color palettes, where the colors change smoothly across the color bar.<\/p>\n<p>To put this into context, having a palette that changes between colors wildly is like having a position x or y axis with numbers that are not evenly spaced. In jet color maps, this would be the equivalent of having numbers one to four close together and eight to 10 far apart. Such an uneven color gradient means that certain parts of the palette would be naturally highlighted over others, distorting the data. The RGB colour space based on which such uneven color gradients are created is mathematically simple, but not in tune with how we perceive colors and see the differences between them.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\" readability=\"7\">\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"comparison of an apple, Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie and the Earth in three different colour maps: original, jet, and batlow.\" width=\"600\" height=\"325\" class=\"js-lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=325&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=325&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=325&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=408&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=408&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=408&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"comparison of an apple, Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie and the Earth in three different colour maps: original, jet, and batlow.\" width=\"600\" height=\"325\" class srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=325&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=325&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=325&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=408&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=408&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/421199\/original\/file-20210914-15-3l3vzw.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=408&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/stop-using-rainbow-maps-doesnt-do-data-justice-syndication#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Fscience%2F2021%2F11%2F03%2Fstop-using-rainbow-maps-doesnt-do-data-justice-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: The impact of an uneven (jet) and an even (batlow) colour scheme on a greyscale image of Earth, Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie and an apple. Batlow replicates the image due to its smooth colour gradient, whereas jet distorts the image. (Fabio Crameri), Author provided\" data-title=\"Share The impact of an uneven (jet) and an even (batlow) colour scheme on a greyscale image of Earth, Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie and an apple. Batlow replicates the image due to its smooth colour gradient, whereas jet distorts the image. (Fabio Crameri), Author provided on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share The impact of an uneven (jet) and an even (batlow) colour scheme on a greyscale image of Earth, Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie and an apple. Batlow replicates the image due to its smooth colour gradient, whereas jet distorts the image. (Fabio Crameri), Author provided on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>The impact of an uneven (jet) and an even (batlow) colour scheme on a greyscale image of Earth, Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie and an apple. Batlow replicates the image due to its smooth colour gradient, whereas jet distorts the image. (Fabio Crameri), Author provided<\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption><span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"license\"><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<h2>Inaccessible science<\/h2>\n<p>Another issue with an uneven color palette like <em>rainbow<\/em> is that data presented using these colors may be unreadable or inaccurate for people with a vision deficiency or <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/explainer-what-is-colour-blindness-7651\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">color blindness<\/a>. Color maps that include both red and green colors with similar lightness cannot be read by a large fraction of the population.<\/p>\n<p>The general estimate is that 0.5 per cent of women and eight percent of men worldwide are subject to a <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2010.12.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">color-vision deficiency<\/a>. While these numbers are lower and almost disappear in populations from sub-Saharan Africa, they are likely significantly higher in populations with a larger fraction of white people as, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.86.3.983\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">in Scandinavia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>It is needless to state that scientific results should be able to viewed by as many people as possible, and such color-vision deficiencies should be taken into account.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\" readability=\"9\">\n<p><figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"Collection of colour palettes as seen by people with Colour vision deficiency\" width=\"600\" height=\"290\" class=\"js-lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=290&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=290&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=290&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=364&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=364&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=364&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Collection of colour palettes as seen by people with Colour vision deficiency\" width=\"600\" height=\"290\" class srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=290&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=290&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=290&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=364&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=364&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/423294\/original\/file-20210927-13-82iht7.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=364&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/stop-using-rainbow-maps-doesnt-do-data-justice-syndication#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Fscience%2F2021%2F11%2F03%2Fstop-using-rainbow-maps-doesnt-do-data-justice-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Color maps as seen with either of the three common forms of human color-vision deficiency (deuteranopia, protanopia and tritanopia), and for grey-scale (representing total colour-blindness or simple black-and-white prints). Rainbow, the most-widely used color map, doesn\u2019t produce a smooth gradient and is not universally readable. (Fabio Crameri)\" data-title=\"Share Color maps as seen with either of the three common forms of human color-vision deficiency (deuteranopia, protanopia and tritanopia), and for grey-scale (representing total colour-blindness or simple black-and-white prints). Rainbow, the most-widely used color map, doesn\u2019t produce a smooth gradient and is not universally readable. (Fabio Crameri) on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Color maps as seen with either of the three common forms of human color-vision deficiency (deuteranopia, protanopia and tritanopia), and for grey-scale (representing total colour-blindness or simple black-and-white prints). Rainbow, the most-widely used color map, doesn\u2019t produce a smooth gradient and is not universally readable. (Fabio Crameri) on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>Color maps as seen with either of the three common forms of human color-vision deficiency (deuteranopia, protanopia and tritanopia), and for grey-scale (representing total colour-blindness or simple black-and-white prints). Rainbow, the most-widely used color map, doesn\u2019t produce a smooth gradient and is not universally readable. (Fabio Crameri)<\/figcaption><\/figure><figcaption><span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\"><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<h2>The winding road to the end of the rainbow<\/h2>\n<p>The issues with <em>jet<\/em>, <em>rainbow<\/em> and other uneven color palettes <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2004EO400002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">have been known for years<\/a>. Although certain fields of science have made significant changes to <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/hess-25-4549-2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">best practices on color policy<\/a>, other areas have stuck with their default settings.<\/p>\n<p>As researchers interested in more effective data communication, we outline approaches that <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-19160-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">scientists can make to communicate their findings more efficiently<\/a>: avoid using <em>jet<\/em> or <em>rainbow<\/em> default color palettes; if it is necessary to use red and green, make sure they are not the same luminosity for accessibility; and use a palette that changes evenly between the colors.<\/p>\n<p>There is growing recognition of the challenges associated with rainbow palettes. Some academic publications \u2014 like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/ngeo\/for-authors\/preparing-your-submission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><em>Nature Geoscience<\/em><\/a> \u2014 have adopted a more even color palette policy for new submissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/site\/assets\/uploads\/2019\/04\/IPCC-visual-style-guide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">color-blind friendly guidelines for figures<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Software packages such as MATLAB and Python have removed <em>rainbow<\/em> as their default colour palette for data visualization features. However, old habits die hard and vigilance is still required \u2014 it is important to call out poor color choices when noticed (otherwise the trends keep repeating).<\/p>\n<h2>Better science communication, better outcomes<\/h2>\n<p>The importance of accurately sharing scientific data in an accessible manner cannot be understated. Uneven color gradients are often chosen to artificially highlight potential danger zones, such as the boundaries of a hurricane track or the current virus spread.<\/p>\n<p>Decisions based on data being unfairly represented could produce, for instance, a Martian rover being sent over terrain that is too steep as the topography was inaccurately visualized, or a medical worker making an inaccurate diagnosis based on uneven color gradients.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\">\n<figure class=\"post-image post-mediaBleed aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" alt=\"Two maps of the Earth's surface displaying temperature anomaly data with annotations\" width=\"600\" height=\"494\" class=\"js-lazy\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=494&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=494&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=494&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=621&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=621&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=621&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Two maps of the Earth's surface displaying temperature anomaly data with annotations\" width=\"600\" height=\"494\" class srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=494&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=494&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=494&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=621&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=621&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/424859\/original\/file-20211005-30173-hog6m.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=621&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\"><\/noscript><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/stop-using-rainbow-maps-doesnt-do-data-justice-syndication#\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.thenextweb.com%2Fscience%2F2021%2F11%2F03%2Fstop-using-rainbow-maps-doesnt-do-data-justice-syndication%2F&amp;via=thenextweb&amp;related=thenextweb&amp;text=Check out this picture on: Comparison of two maps showing temperature anomalies using jet and vik color maps \u2014 with jet, the data is distorted. (Fabio Crameri)\" data-title=\"Share Comparison of two maps showing temperature anomalies using jet and vik color maps \u2014 with jet, the data is distorted. (Fabio Crameri) on Twitter\" data-width=\"685\" data-height=\"500\" class=\"post-image-share popitup\" title=\"Share Comparison of two maps showing temperature anomalies using jet and vik color maps \u2014 with jet, the data is distorted. (Fabio Crameri) on Twitter\"><i class=\"icon icon--inline icon--twitter--dark\"><\/i><\/a>Comparison of two maps showing temperature anomalies using jet and vik color maps \u2014 with jet, the data is distorted. (Fabio Crameri)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<p class=\"p2\">Accessible science for all starts with moving away from defaults. This can start with students learning to pick even color gradients for term projects, to international publishers rejecting papers for misleading figures. One day, it may even include the Meteorological Service of Canada <a href=\"https:\/\/weather.gc.ca\/map_e.html?layers=radar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s1\">moving away from dramatic uneven palettes to highlight weather changes<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Fundamentally, using an inaccurate color map is equivalent to a wilful misleading of the public by distorting data, and this has significant potential consequences.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/167159\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"js-lazy\"><\/p>\n<p><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/167159\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>Article by <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/philip-heron-214792\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Philip Heron<\/a>, Assistant Professor, Environmental Geophysics, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-toronto-1281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">University of Toronto<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/fabio-crameri-1256478\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Fabio Crameri<\/a>, Researcher in geophysics, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-oslo-934\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">University of Oslo<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/grace-shephard-1266900\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Grace Shephard<\/a>, Research fellow, Geology and Geophysics, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-oslo-934\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">University of Oslo<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-rainbow-colour-maps-can-distort-data-and-be-misleading-167159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/stop-using-rainbow-maps-doesnt-do-data-justice-syndication\">Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The choice of color to represent information in scientific images is a fundamental part of communicating findings. However, a number of color palettes that are widely used to display critical scientific results&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8752,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8751"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8751"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8751\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8751"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8751"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}