{"id":8949,"date":"2021-11-15T17:04:34","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T17:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/TheNextWeb=1373308"},"modified":"2021-11-15T17:04:34","modified_gmt":"2021-11-15T17:04:34","slug":"scientists-are-on-the-brink-of-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-the-dark-side-of-the-moon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/?p=8949","title":{"rendered":"Scientists are on the brink of unraveling the mysteries of the dark side of the Moon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Seven months after it was launched, the US robotic rover Perseverance <a href=\"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/perseverance-lands-on-mars\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">successfully landed<\/a> on Mars on February 18, 2021. The landing was part of the mission <a href=\"https:\/\/mars.nasa.gov\/mars2020\/mission\/overview\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Mars2020<\/a> and was viewed live by millions of people worldwide, reflecting the renewed global interest in space exploration. It was soon followed by China\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-57628653\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Tianwen-1<\/a>, an interplanetary Mars mission consisting of an orbiter, lander, and rover called Zhourong.<\/p>\n<p>Perseverance and Zhourong were the fifth and sixth planetary rovers deployed in the last decade. The first one was America\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/mars.nasa.gov\/msl\/home\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Curiosity<\/a> which landed on Mars in 2012, <a href=\"https:\/\/earth.esa.int\/web\/eoportal\/satellite-missions\/c-missions\/chang-e-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">followed by<\/a> China\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/china-chang-e-4-moon-far-side-1000-days\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">three<\/a> Chang\u2019E <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/science-environment-55323176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">missions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In 2019 the Chang\u2019E-4 lander and its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/china-yutu-2-moon-rover-chang-e-4-wake-up-may-202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Yutu-2 rover<\/a> were the first human objects landed on the far side of the Moon \u2013 the side that faces away from the Earth. This marked a pivotal milestone in planetary exploration, of equal importance to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/apollo\/missions\/apollo8.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Apollo 8 mission<\/a> in 1968, when the far side of the Moon was seen by humans for the first time.<\/p>\n<p>To analyze the data captured from the Yutu-2 rover, which used <a href=\"https:\/\/eurogpr.org\/?page_id=92\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">ground-penetrating radar<\/a> (GPR), we <a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1029\/2021GL092866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">developed a tool<\/a> that could detect in much greater detail the layers beneath the Moon\u2019s surface than had ever been done before. It was also able to provide insights into how the planet evolved.<\/p>\n<p>The far side of the Moon is of great importance due to its interesting geological formations, but this hidden side also blocks all the electromagnetic noise from human activity, making it an ideal place to build <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070325181457\/http:\/\/archives.cnn.com\/2002\/TECH\/space\/01\/05\/lunar.observatory\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">radio telescopes<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span><\/p>\n<figure>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LuG5vYqHoHY\" height=\"240\" width=\"320\" allowfullscreen frameborder=\"0\">[embedded content]<\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p><!--resp-video-container--><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Ground penetrating radar<\/h2>\n<p>Orbiter radars have been used for planetary sciences since the early 2000s, but the recent Chinese and US rover missions were the first to use ground-penetrating radar on site. This ground-breaking radar is now set to become part of the scientific payload of future planetary missions, where it will be used to map the subsurface of landing sites and shed light on what is happening below the ground.<\/p>\n<p>GPR has also the ability to retrieve significant information regarding the type of planetary soils and their subsurface layers. This information can be used to get an insight into the geological evolution of an area and even assess its structural stability for future planetary bases and research stations.<\/p>\n<p>Perseverance and Tianwen-1 are currently active, and the first GPR images from Mars are expected to be published in 2022. But the first available planetary on-site GPR data was from the Chang\u2019E-3, E-4, and E-5 lunar missions, where it was used to investigate the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aay6898\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">structure of surface layers<\/a> of the far side of the Moon, and provide valuable information about the geological evolution of the area.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the benefits of GPR, one major drawback is its inability to detect layers with smooth boundaries between them. This means gradual variations from one layer to another go undetected, giving the false impression that the subsurface consists of a homogenous block, while in fact, it may be a much more complex structure representing a completely different geological history.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gprmax.com\/contact.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Our team<\/a> developed a <a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1029\/2021GL092866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">new method<\/a> capable of detecting these layers by using the radar signatures of hidden rocks and boulders. The newly developed tool has been used to process the GPR data captured by Chang\u2019E-4\u2019s Yutu-2 rover which landed in the <a href=\"http:\/\/lroc.sese.asu.edu\/posts\/1082\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n crater<\/a>, part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/LRO\/multimedia\/lroimages\/lola-20100409-aitken.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Aitken Basin<\/a> at the Moon\u2019s south pole.<\/p>\n<p>The Aitken basin is the biggest and oldest known crater, believed to have been created by a meteoroid impact that penetrated the crust of the Moon and uplifted materials from the top mantle (the interior layer just below it). Our detection tool revealed a previously unseen layered structure in the first 10m of the lunar surface, which had been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aay6898\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">understood<\/a> to be one homogenous block.<\/p>\n<p>Using our method, we can make more accurate estimations regarding the depth of the top surface of lunar soil, which is an important way to determine the stability and strength of the soil foundation for developing lunar bases and research stations.<\/p>\n<p>This newly discovered complex layered structure also suggests that small craters are more important and may have contributed much more than previously believed to the materials deposited by meteorite strikes \u2013 and the overall evolution of lunar craters.<\/p>\n<p>This means we will have a more coherent understanding of the complex geological history of our satellite, and enable us to predict more accurately what lies beneath the surface of the Moon.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/170667\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"js-lazy\"><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/republishing-guidelines --><\/p>\n<p><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/170667\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><em>Article by <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/iraklis-giannakis-1264193\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Iraklis Giannakis<\/a>, Lecturer in geosciences, <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-aberdeen-962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">University of Aberdeen<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/a-new-era-of-planetary-exploration-what-we-discovered-on-the-far-side-of-the-moon-170667\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">original article<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/news\/scientists-unraveling-mysteries-dark-side-of-the-moon-syndication\">Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Seven months after it was launched, the US robotic rover Perseverance successfully landed on Mars on February 18, 2021. The landing was part of the mission Mars2020 and was viewed live by&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8950,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8949"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8949"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8949\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8950"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.londonchiropracter.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}